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Earth Science Midterm Review

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  • Which of Earth’s processes can cause a mountain to lose height/altitude?
    erosion
  • Which type of soil is best for growing plants because it contains a mixture of different soils?
    loam
  • What causes any kind of rock to change into igneous rock?
    melting and cooling
  • What type of boundary is shown here?
    transform
  • Looking at this chart, which soil would be best for growing tomato plants?
    Soil 1
  • What causes tides?
    gravity
  • The Gulf Stream current makes the waters of the North Atlantic ______________.
    warmer
  • In this model of the sea floor, what does J represent?
    trench
  • What are the four layers of the Earth (from outer to inner)?
    crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
  • In this model of the sea floor, what does H represent?
    mid-ocean ridge
  • Canyons are shaped by gradual wearing away due to ______________.
    water erosion
  • In this model of the sea floor, what does E represent?
    seamount
  • What are the four types of precipitation?
    rain, sleet, snow, & hail
  • What is the organic material in soil that makes it very fertile for growing plants and gives it a dark color?
    humus
  • Based on this chart, which ocean is Earth’s largest source of saltwater?
    Pacific Ocean
  • Explain how the Sun is the major source of energy in the water cycle.
    It provides the energy to evaporate water on Earth into the atmosphere.
  • What is the deepest part of the ocean?
    trench
  • What characteristic of soil determines how water moves through the soil?
    size of particles
  • Why is most of the Earth’s freshwater unavailable for us to use?
    It is frozen.
  • What is the top zone of the ocean?
    sunlight zone
  • Talc can not scratch any other mineral. What would talc rate on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
    1
  • If an area was once covered by seawater, what type of fossil would most likely be found there?
    fish or other marine life
  • This diagram represents Earth’s layers. What does C represent?
    mantle
  • Underwater earthquakes, volcanoes, or landslides can cause what natural disaster to occur?
    tsunamis
  • Water freezes in the cracks of rocks and then expands, breaking the rocks apart. This is an example of which kind of weathering?
    physical
  • Which mineral test requires you to scratch a mineral on a ceramic plate to check the color of the streak?
    streak test
  • What causes any kind of rock to change into sedimentary rock?
    weathering, erosion, and deposition
  • Moss and fungi grow over a rock and secrete a mild acid, which dissolves the rock over time. This is an example of which kind of weathering?
    chemical
  • A diamond can scratch all other minerals. What would a diamond rate on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
    10
  • List the steps in the water cycle that transfer water from the ocean to the atmosphere, and then back down to Earth.
    evaporation, condensation, precipitation
  • Examine this diagram. If these two columns were taken from the same dig site at different locations, which two layers are of approximately the same age?
    C & D
  • Deltas are shaped by gradual buildup due to ______________.
    deposition
  • In this model of the sea floor, what does F represent?
    abyssal plain
  • Groundwater moves from the ground through plants and then back into the atmosphere through the process of ____________________.
    transpiration
  • Erosion caused by a large-scale removal of trees is called _____________.
    deforestation
  • What causes any kind of rock to change into metamorphic rock?
    heat and pressure
  • An underground reservoir of fresh water is called an _____________.
    aquifer
  • What are the preserved or mineralized remains or imprint of an organism that lived long ago?
    fossil
  • What are rocks composed of?
    minerals
  • Which of the Earth’s layers is liquid?
    outer core
  • A farmer wants to buy a new farm to grow his crops. He has looked at three. One farm has red clay, one has black loam, and one has sandy soil. Which farm would be best for growing crops?
    black loam
  • When you stand on the beach and walk into the shallow water, what part of the ocean are you standing on?
    continental shelf
  • Describe the concept of the rock cycle.
    Rocks are continually changing, and any type of rock may be transformed into another type of rock by appropriate processes.
  • Describe how lithospheric plates move across the surface of the Earth
    The plates are driven by convection currents within the mantle.
  • What type of boundary is shown here?
    convergent
  • What type of boundary is shown here?
    divergent
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