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Study
Earth Science Fall Final Study Guide
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What determines the location of a comet's tail?
Always points away from the sun (solar wind), even if its heading away from the sun.
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What is a galaxy?
millions of stars rotating around a center
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Why is color an inaccurate way to identify a mineral?
Minerals are various colors; many minerals are the same color
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How do seasons show God's provision for man?
seasons to plant food; tolerable weather
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What is a comet?
ball of ice that orbits the sun
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What is Uniformitarianism?
the belief that everything in nature happened only by natural processes
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What is the difference between a meteor and meteorite?
both space debris--meteors burn up in the atmosphere; meteorite's reach the earth's surface
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The gap between Mars and Jupiter is called what?
Asteroid Belt
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What causes an earthquake?
movement of the earth's crust; stress due to moving tectonic plates is released.
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What is a glacier?
a large mass of ice that does not melt fully each summer
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What are two ways the earth moves in space?
rotation and revolution
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The evolutionist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.
A lot of time, a little bit of water
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What is a group of stars that forms a picture called?
constellation
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What is a nebula?
cloud of gas and dust in space
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Describe the Heliocentric model of our solar system.
Sun at the center
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What is the most common evolutionary explanation for the origins of the universe?
Big Bang Theory
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What is magma?
liquid rock under the surface of the crust
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Do all rocks sink in water?
No; example: pumice floats
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What is a tsunami?
Large waves caused by an earthquake
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Where is natural gas nearly always found? Near what?
Oil deposits
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What is the unit of measurement for distances in space?
light-year
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How are depositional mountains formed?
Layers of sediment are deposited over time and pressed down
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What is our galaxy called?
Milky Way
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How are erosional mountains formed?
wind/water erode material away
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Describe the process for the eruption of a geyser. 3 parts.
Water pools below the surface; heat/pressure build from the magma; eruption (water/steam)
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How do scientists "see" beneath the earth's crust?
seismic waves
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How do rocks change form?
Heat, pressure, time
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What is astrology?
Superstitious belief that stars control the future
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When do larger crystals form in igneous rock?
Cooling slowly--time to form air pockets
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What type of rock is sandstone? Sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous?
Sedimentary
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What is an exploding star called?
Nova
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What is the part of the earth that the crust moves on?
Mantle
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The young earth creationist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.
a little time, a lot of water
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What do fossils prove?
They don't prove evolution or divine creation, but they support the idea that fossils could be created in thousands of years, not just millions
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What is the innermost part of the earth?
inner/outer core
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Which star color is brighter, blue or yellow?
blue
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True or False. Revolutionists believe everything happens by natural processes (uniformitarianism)
true
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Can metamorphic rock form at low temperatures?
No, needs heat, pressure, and time
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Is coal a rock even though it is organic?
Yes
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Why does the earth experience seasons?
tilt of the earth's axis
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What is one of the most active volcanic countries in the world?
Indonesia
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What is astronomy?
Scientific study of the universe/space
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Give one possible explanation for the ability to see distant starlight in a young world.
God created with maturity/age; General Relativity
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What is the outermost layer of the earth?
crust
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What is the difference between sea level and the peak (top)?
Elevation
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What two things do we need to know to determine how far away a star is?
brightness and size
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What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
All objects go into a state of chaos
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What is the measurement of a mountain from base to peak (top)?
Actual Height
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What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
matter cannot be created or destroyed
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Describe the Geocentric model of our solar system.
Earth at the center
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What are rocks made from?
Minerals and bits of organic material; small pieces of other rocks
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List two methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion.
Spread cow manure; wood chips; build terraces; irrigation canals
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What invention demonstrates the rotation of the earth?
Foucault Pendulum
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What is the North Star?
star that doesn't move with respect of the earth's rotation
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Why do stars appear to move through the night sky?
rotation and revolution
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Explain how water can break a rock (multiple ways).
large amount of water can erode rocks (waves, rivers, tsunamis); water can enter cracks, freeze, and expand--breaking the rock.
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