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Apologia advanced Biology module 3
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Compare and contrast the dermis and the epidermis.
They are layers of the skin. Epidermis is the outside layer made of epithelial cells, keratinized. Dermis-deeper, dense irregular connective tissue.
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name the cell layers of the skin in order from deepest to most superficial.
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidium, stratum corneum
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What is the difference between a meatus and a foramen?
A meatus is a passageway.”external auditory meatus” and a foramen is a hole in a bone where nerves and muscles pass through.” Foramen magnum”
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identify n, o, p, q
n: femur, o: patella, p: tibia, q: fibula
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In the skull, how many are there of each of these bones? Temporal, ethmoid, occipital and sphenoid.
Temporal-2 (side of head) ethmoid-1 (b) Occipital-1 (back of head) sphenoid-1(inside)
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Where will you find living cells in the epidermis?
Stratum basale, the bottom layer, and stratum spinosum, the next layer.
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describe stratum corenum
most superficial, 25-30 layers thick, these cells slough off, dead cells, no nucleus
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Do all hair cells contain keratin?
All differentiated hair cells have keratin, the matrix is made up of a mass of undifferentiated cells which have no keratin.
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Where is bone marrow found and what does it do?
In the cancelous bone of the long bones. Erythropoiesis formation of red blood cells and platelets
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In relation to bone, what are: meatus, foramen, and process?
meatus:a passage , Foramen:an opening, process:a projection on a bone
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identify the region y and w
y pectoral girdle, w pelvic girdle
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What is a suture? (in relation to bones)
a junction between the flat bones of the skull
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Describe stratum lucidium.
primarily only found in think skin (palms of hands and soles of feet)
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What is the difference between cancellous and compact bone?
Compact bone is made up of dense bone matrix organized into tubules called osteons.
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name the bones in the head a, c, d, e, g.
a)Frontal, c)lacrimal, d)zygomatic, e)vomer, g)mandible
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has limbs attached
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Name a benefit and a curse of sebaceous glands.
Help skin maintain moisture and acne
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What are c, d,and e ?
c is the epidermis, d is the dermis, and e is the hypodermis
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What is the axial skeleton?
the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head neck and trunk.
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Compare and contrast sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
Sebaceous-holocrine,secrete oil, protects and softens skin. Sweat-merocrine gland, secrete sweat, to cool
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What defines short bones? Give an example.
Bones that are about as long as they are wide. Tarsals, carpals
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What is the term that means making blood cells?
Hemat:blood, poiesis:to make
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What is the sweat gland and duct, and what is the sebaceous gland?
Sweat gland h, sweat gland duct i, sebaceous gland k b is the pore for the duct of the sweat gland.
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What defines a long bone, and give an example.
Longer than they are wide. Femur, fibula, metatarsals
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Describe stratum granulosum
here cells begin to die, these cells produce large amounts of keratin
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What are the three layers of hair?
cortex, the medulla and the cuticle
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describe Stratum basale
once cell thick,, cells under go mitosis continually
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What kind of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
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identify a, b, c, d, e
a: sternum, b: rib, c costal cartilage, d: humerous e: sacrum
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Where is the mastoid process and what is it?
prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached
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What are lines of cleavage?
Where the collagen fibers in the dermis are lined up.
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What is the opposite of superficial?
The opposite of superficial is deep. Skin is superficial to muscle, bones are deeper than muscle
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What is the major functions of the sweat glands?
cooling
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label the parts of the spine. t, u, v
t: cervical vertebrae, u: thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae
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What is Hemopoiesis?
the process of manufacturing blood cells, and platelets. it occurs in the bone marrow
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What is superficial?
a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body
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What does costal refer to?
relating to the ribs costal cartilage, intercostal spaces,
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label a, h, i, j, f
a: frontal bone, h: parietal, i: temporal, j: occipital, f: maxilla
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describe stratum spinosum
several cells thick, also undergoes mitosis, melanocytes reside here
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In long bones, what is the hollow cavity called and what will you find there?.
Medullary cavity, and you find yellow bone marrow which produce cartilage, fat and bone. Yellow bone marrow also aids in the storage of fats
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Where are apocrine sweat glands found and what kind of gland are they?
Armpits and pubic region, they are merocrine glands
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