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Apologia Advanced Biology module 2

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  • identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
    Dense regular – tendons and ligaments, tensile strength
  • Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
    It fits the definition
  • Which tissue makes up the bladder and why?
    Stratified transitional epithelium E, it needs to stretch.
  • What happens at the basement membrane?
    Nutrients diffuse across it to feed the cells. (basement membrane and above to the free surface are avascular)
  • What is the difference between a stromal cell and a parenchymal cell?
    Stromal cells produce a framework for support. Parenchymal cells are the actual functioning cells in the tissue
  • Where will you find Hyaline cartilage?
    the bridge of the nose, the costal cartilage of the ribs, and the caps on the bones of the joints.
  • What type of tissue makes up membranes?
    Both epithelial and connective.
  • What is the Purpose and location of mucous membranes?
    1. Protection 2. Located in the airway, digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract. All systems that open to the outside of the body.
  • Where would you find this and why? What is it called?
    Airways, it has goblet cells producing mucous and cilia to move the mucous carrying debris out of the body. Pseudostratified epithelium.
  • Do Amiotic cells have DNA
    yes they do. Amitosis is a direct cell division in which the splitting of the nucleus is followed by cytoplasm constriction
  • What are Chondrocytes?
    Chondro(cartilage) mature cartilage cells
  • What are Permanent cells
    cells that cannot undergo mitosis
  • What are Fibroblast?
    spindle shaped cells that form connective tissue proper (once a fibroblast is completely surrounded by the matrix, it becomes a fibrocyte)
  • What do all types of cartilage have in common?
    Chondrocytes- cells that produce extra cellular materials
  • identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
    Adipose– insulation and bracing of organs, and energy storage. Found around organs (Kidneys) and under the skin
  • What does labile mean? And what is a labile cell?
    Changeable, “liable to change; easily altered” A cell that can easily undergo mitosis
  • What is the difference between a stable cell and a permanent cell?
    A stable does not usually undergo mitosis but it can.Healing is a long process. (tendons and ligaments) A permanent cells never undergo mitosis (cardiac muscle)
  • What can columnar epithelial and cuboidal epithelial cells do that squamous epithelial cell can’t? And why?
    Complex tasks,it has very little space for cellular machinery or protection, because it is thinner. Pretty much all can do is allow for diffusion.
  • What is Purpose and location of synovial membranes?
    joints, lubrication, -it is a non-Newtonian fluid. What else reduces friction in joints? Hyaline cartilage.
  • An exocrine gland secretes a substance that has a lot of cellular material in it, what kind of gland is it?
    Holocrine gland, whole disintegrating cells go into the secretions
  • What do the root words Mero, apo and holo mean?
    Mero-part, apo-apex, holo-whole
  • What is this and where is it found? What is it's major function?
    This is elastic cartilage. It can be found in the outer ear. It provides flexible support
  • What protein is found in all cartilage?
    collagen
  • What is the Extra cellular matrix?
    The chemical substance located between connective tissue cells
  • What are Exocrine Glands?
    Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
  • How to endocrine glands work?
    Endo(internal, within) these glands do not have ducts, they secrete directly into the blood stream through exocytosis.(hormones)
  • What is the Purpose and location of serous membranes?
    lubrication of organs. Pleurisy: infection of the lining of the lungs. Causes friction, very painful, rubbing can be heard with a stethoscope.
  • what is this called where would you find it and why?
    Simple columnar Epithelium- stomach and intestine- complex absorption, secretion and protection
  • identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
    Loose – deeper under the skin, light duty binding (skin to muscle)
  • What type of epithelial tissue is in blood vessels and deep in the lungs? Why?
    Simple squamous, it is thin and nutrients can diffuse across it.
  • identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
    Dense irregular– under the skin, strength in all directions
  • Name the 4 types of connective tissue
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bones and blood.
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