from a Huron-Iroquois word meaning “village or settlement”
What is the term for a passage by sea between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans along the north coast of North America?
the Northwest Passage
Which two major Native American civilizations were wiped out by the Spanish due to the spread of smallpox?
the Aztec and the Inca
What caused the Aztec to rebel against Hernán Cortés and the Spanish?
The Spanish demanded gold and outlawed human sacrifice.
What do you call a territory governed by a viceroy?
a viceroyalty
Who is a viceroy?
a governor of Spain’s colonies in the Americas who represented the Spanish king and queen
What is a privateer?
an armed but privately owned ship that acts under the authority of a government to participate in warfare; or a sailor on such a ship
What is a deadly virus that causes a high fever and small blisters on the skin?
Smallpox
Why did the Spanish appoint viceroys?
to rule the territories claimed by Spain
Describe the factors that limited population growth in New France.
1) the French government would not allow Protestants to settle there. 2) They used the feudal system, meaning settlers could not own their own land.
Who is a conquistador?
a Spanish conqueror who sought gold and other riches in the Americas
Why did Martin Luther accuse the Catholic Church of corruption?
The Church claimed to forgive sins in exchange for money
What were the conquistadors looking for in North America?
cities of gold
What led to war between the Dutch and the Native Americans in 1640?
the purchase of Manhattan
Why did King Philip II see the French Huguenots as a menace?
They opposed Catholicism and they also chose their South Carolina settlement so that they could attack Spanish ships from that location. This outraged Philip II
What is the term that means to punish, particularly because of beliefs or background
persecute
What did Amerigo Vespucci’s explorations reveal?
South America was a huge landmass.
What is a large sailing ship used especially by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries called?
a galleon
What is a heretic?
a person who holds beliefs different from the teachings of the Catholic Church
What was the Line of Demarcation?
a vertical boundary through the Atlantic and present-day Brazil
Who were the Sea Dogs?
English sailors licensed by the monarch to attack enemy ships
What do you call a person who tries to spread Christianity to others?
A missionary
Why was Hernán Cortés one of the most successful conquistadors?
He allied with Native Americans who did not like the powerful Aztec rulers. He took advantage of Moctezuma’s belief in the return of the god Quetzalcoatl.
Which English person was the first to circumnavigate the globe?
Francis Drake
What are watershed lands?
areas drained by rivers
What is a watershed?
an area of land that includes a particular river or lake and all the bodies of water that flow into it
What is Mercantilism?
an economic policy that gives a country sole ownership of the trade occuring in its colonies
What does circumnavigate mean?
to travel completely around Earth
How did mercantilism influence exploration of the Americas?
Countries had exclusive rights to trade with the goods from their own colonies. The more colonies a country had, the more wealth it would accrue.
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