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Earth Science Spring Final Study Guide

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  • Describe one way waves can be used to make electricity.
    Buoy-like object that moves up and down harnessing energy. Temperature differences (evaporation, steam moving turbine). Barrages.
  • The jet stream is most affected by the difference in temperature between which areas of the world?
    Poles and equator (extreme cold and hot)
  • List two challenges unique to living and working in space.
    Zero gravity work environment, isolation (far from home), radiation
  • How do animals act when a solar eclipse occurs?
    Like night is falling
  • What rocket was used in the Apollo space program?
    Saturn V
  • What is the most important piece of equipment for analyzing weather?
    Computer (collects/analyzes all the data)
  • What is the cause of the aurora borealis?
    Solar flares
  • What can form when snow does not completely melt in summer?
    Glaciers
  • Water vapor that condenses in the air forms what?
    Clouds
  • Define Absolute Humidity.
    The amount of water vapor in the air
  • What is responsible for most of the winds we experience on earth?
    Sun
  • Does a total solar eclipse cause the whole earth to become dark?
    No, just a couple hundred miles wide
  • Describe one positive and one negative effect of waves.
    Positive: harness energy, fun beach day:) Negative: Typhoons, erosion
  • Does the same side of the moon always face the earth? Explain.
    Yes--because of the earth’s rotation/revolution compared to that of the moon
  • Define Maria (on the moon).
    Large, dark plains formed by basalt from ancient volcanic eruptions
  • Who was the first person to walk on the moon?
    Neil Armstrong
  • Explain how we get clues to what the climate was like in the past (2 ways)
    Answers will vary, but could include studying fossils, glacier cores, coral reefs, tree rings, etc.
  • Define rip current.
    Strong current moving water from the shore to the open sea
  • What are animals that can glow in the dark called?
    Bioluminescent
  • Is it dangerous to look at the sun during a total eclipse?
    Yes
  • What is the study of earth’s atmosphere called?
    Meteorology
  • What are the main two elements found in the sun?
    Hydrogen and Helium
  • The energy from the sun is a similar process as what?
    Hydrogen Bomb
  • Why is private space research important?
    Answers vary, but must be thoughtful
  • Near what do hurricanes form?
    Equator
  • What are two methods for desalinating ocean water? (taking the salt out)
    -Naturally through evaporation -Man-made through heating water, collecting evaporation (minerals left behind)
  • Do ocean ridges form where tectonic plates are moving away from each other or toward each other?
    Away from each other
  • List the planets in our solar system in order from closest to the sun outward.
    Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto)
  • What is a large collection of colonies of polyps?
    Coral Reef
  • What is the area where most plants and animals live in the ocean called?
    Sunlit Zone
  • List three kinds of fog.
    Radiation, valley, advection, etc.
  • Define Relative Humidity
    How much water vapor is in the air compared to how much it could hold at that temperature (percentage)
  • What is the largest ocean on earth?
    Pacific Ocean
  • Define Climate.
    The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
  • When are tides higher? (location of sun/moon)
    When the sun and moon are on the same side of the earth
  • Who challenged America to put a man on the moon before 1970?
    John F. Kennedy
  • How do oceans play an important role in weather (1-2 ways)?
    Evaporation--creating storms, moving water to places that need it. Provide fresh water to places (rain/storms) Answers will vary.
  • Define submersible.
    Vehicle for deep-sea exploration
  • Define Trench.
    Very deep valley in the ocean floor
  • Earth’s atmosphere is 78% what and 21% what?
    78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
  • What is one fascinating thing you’ve learned in Earth Science? (Must be specific)
    Answers vary, but must be thoughtful
  • Define Precipitation.
    Water that falls from the atmosphere/sky
  • What else besides water does the ocean contain?
    Minerals and gases
  • What type of eclipse is this?
    Solar Eclipse
  • Who was the first man in space?
    Yuri Gagarin
  • What was designed to protect astronauts in space?
    Space suit
  • What wartime invention led to space exploration?
    Rockets
  • Which type of eclipse is this?
    Lunar Eclipse
  • What organism produces most of the oxygen in the ocean?
    Algae
  • The Genesis Flood set up environmental conditions just right for what?
    Ice Age
  • How does the moon shine?
    It reflects the light from the sun
  • When are tides lower? (location of sun/moon)
    When the sun and moon are at right angles compared to the earth.
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