FCAT Earth and Space Science Review

huge, hot body made of different gases; radiates energy (light)

a coastal breeze blowing at night from land to sea; caused by the difference in the rate of cooling of their surfaces

moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun; the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth

changes in ocean water levels that take place in regular pattern; controlled by pull of gravity between Moon and Earth; force of gravity of Moon pulls pulls ocean water away from Earth's surface

small object made of ice with some gas, dust, and rock; a "tail" can appear as the comet revolves around the sun and is heated

galaxy that is disc-shaped with a thin disk with long arms; gas and dust rotate around the central hub of the galaxy

caused by uneven heating of Earth's surface; Occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Produce wind and ocean currents.

huge galaxy that is round or oval in shape

moon phase that occurs when all of the Moon's surface facing Earth reflects light; the Moon appears completely lit

outermost layer of Earth; least dense layer; thinnest layer; where we live

a large group of stars, dust and gases in the universe held together by gravity

movement of air in the atmosphere caused by convection currents

spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night

where one plate moves under another; a deep ocean trench is formed

huge galaxy with no regular shape

show elevation of land with shape and spacing of contour lines; closer lines mean steeper slopes; flat places have widely spaced lines; series of increasingly smaller closed loops indicates hill or mountain

spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night

nearly round objects that revolve around a star; in our solar system the planets that revolve around our Sun are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

the movment of sediment; removes pieces of Earth from one pace and builds land in another; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

forms when other rocks are heated and squeezed together; requires heat and pressure

formed when magma cools beneath Earth's surface or when lava cools at Earth's surface; forms in or around volcanoes; requires heat

layer of Earth between crust and core; thickest layer, partially molten (liquid)

forms when sediment collects and hardens; layers of sediment pile up and squeeze together; requires pressure

the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces, called sediment; can create/change geographic formations; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

intense low pressure areas that form over warm ocean waters in the summer and early fall; a powerful, spiraling storm.

movement of Earth around Sun; takes 365 ¼ days; causes seasons

broken pieces of lithosphere; movement caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere

increasing range in frequency of electromagnetic waves; light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of objects in the universe; ex. light years used to measure distances and sizes in the universe

organizes the family of stars into a diagram; across bottom is star's temperature and side is star's absolute magnitude; a star's temperature and color depend on how big the star is

Alfred Wegener believed landmasses of Earth once fit together to form single landmass called "Pangaea"; landmasses "drifted" to where they are today; theory disregarded due to lack of evidence

medium sized star; located near edge of galaxy; many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; provides energy that creates convection currents in atmosphere and oceans

made of crust and upper part of mantle; broken into tectonic plates

wind blowing from a cool ocean surface onto adjoining warm land