acid base balance

You are caring for a patient with type I diabetes and a serum BG of 450 mg/dL. What pH would you see on an ABG?

the _________ maintain the hypertonicity of the renal medulla by a mechanism known as countercurrent exchange

You are caring for a patient with severe pain and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths/min. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 bpm. Which acid-base imbalance would your expect to find with sustained tachypnea?

Name the acid base related condition that can result from a loss of stomach acid as can occur during vomiting or gastric suctioning

If there is a decrease in H+ then this would drive the equilibrium reaction to the ____________

Stercobilins and urobilins (urochorme) are derived from a breakdown product of blood known as

A person is brought to the ER after passing out in a local department store. The person has been fasting and has ketones in the urine. The person has the following ABGs: pH = 7.34 PaCO2 = 43 mmHg HCO3 = 21. What is their ABG related illness

Bilirubin is not water soluble so it is transported bound to _____________ which makes is more water soluble and is transported to the liver for excretion in bile.

Name the acid base related condition that can result from prolonged constipation.

Blood flow through both kidneys is about ______________________. Means that all the blood passes through the kidneys every 4-5 minutes

Type of cotransport mechanism that move two or more substrates in opposite directions across the membrane.

an increase in H+ will drive the equilibrium to the ____ resulting in a smaller net increase of acidity.

Severe lung disease (emphysema), uncontrolled diabetes, aspirin overdose, prolonged diarrhea, starvation, drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, or drinking antifreeze can cause urine to become more

Diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure and aspirin toxicity can result in

In the process of Tubuloglomerular feedback, as GFR decreases, ATP release from macular densa cells decreases, causing __________of the afferent arterioles

Name the acid base related condition that can result from excessive H+ loss through the kidneys.

A patient has the following arterial blood gases: pH = 7.50 HCO3 = 38 mEq/L PaCO2 = 50 mmHg. What sign/symptom might this patient exhibit as a compensatory mechanism?

Aquaporins are put into the apical membrane of what specific cells in response to ADH?

A normal odor for urine is a slightly "___________" (aromatic) smell. Some foods (such as asparagus), vitamins, and antibiotics (such as penicillin) can cause urine to develop an unusual odor

The 3 principle ketones are...

Category of diuretics that block the reabsorption of Na+ of the ascending end of loop of Henle. More specifically it blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- channels (NKCC) which are cotransporter (symporter) channels in the apical cells membrane.

Name the acid base related condition that can be caused by excessive diarrhea

Term for the extensions of the peritubular capillaries that are long vessels that parallel the loops of Henle of the nephrons

The ureters move urine from the pelvis to the urinary bladder by a process called ___________________

A patient is in metabolic acidosis d/t diabetic ketoacidosis. which signs S/S would you expect to see in this patient?

Name the of the nitrogenous waste products that are breakdown of purines.

The term used to describe the transport of materials such as ions between tubule cells.

Part of the nephron that functions in the reabsorption of NaCl and water and contains a descending and ascending limb. More specifically it contains Na+/K+/2Cl- channels (NKCC).

Name the acid base related condition that can result from hyperventilation due to anxiety