Study

CIE Research Methods

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  • Name each dependent variable in Dement and Kleitman
    Dream during REM/NREM, Length of dream, content
  • What is the most generalisable study and why?
    Any appropriate response
  • What is the difference between a population and sample?
    Population is where the sample is drawn from
  • In which research was counterbalancing used in order to try and avoid order effects?
    Andrade
  • Where was the sample in Andrade from?
    Participant panel from the general public who were members of an Applied Psychology Unit participant panel
  • What is an example of how order effects could be a problem in Laney et al.?
    Responses may change on the questionnaires were done twice such as the food questionnaires
  • In what study was a structured interview used?
    Schachter and Singer
  • What is meant by ecological validity?
    How accurately the results can be applied to real life
  • What is the independent variable?
    Condition that an experimenter systematically manipulates
  • What is a disadvantage of the quantitative data used in Saavedra and Silverman?
    Lacks reliability, difficult to interpret, researcher bias
  • How was 'object offer' operationalised in Yamamoto et al.?
    Helper held out object, only first object counted, correct/incorrect tool offer
  • Identify one example of quantitative data collected in Bandura et al.
    number of times child hit doll with mallet, number of b/g showing physical aggression, etc.
  • Name two studies that use an independent measures design
    e.g. Bandura, Andrade,
  • What is meant by mundane realism?
    How much a study mirrors the real world such as task environment
  • What was used as a control group in Schachter and Singer's research?
    Misinformed and placebo
  • What are the three measures of central tendency we look at?
    mean, mode, median
  • What ethical guidelines could cause demand characteristics and give an example of a piece of research this is not shown in.
    Deception, informed consent. e.g. Piliavin et al there was not informed consent
  • What is a hypothesis?
    a testable prediction
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