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Combined and Co-ordinated Sciences (Chemistry 2)
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Why is water neutral?
Concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal.
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Explain the normal method of preparing carbon dioxide in the lab.
Dilute hydrochloric acid is reacted with marble chips (calcium carbonate).
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How can we test for carbonates?
If it reacts with an acid to produce a gas (CO2) it indicates carbonates.
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a molecule or ion that is able to accept a proton
a base
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Summarize the reaction of acids with carbonates.
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
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What are the products of magnesium reacting with nitric acid (2)HNO3(aq)?
Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
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Summarize the reaction of an acid with a base.
acid + base -> salt + water
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What is created when a metal takes the place of the hydrogen in an acid?
a salt
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Which of the four is the weakest alkali? (caustic soda, caustic potash, ammonia, limewater)
ammonia
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Do all metal oxides dissolve in water? What pH solutions do they form?
no; usually alkaline
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What is the chemical name for marble?
calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
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Name the three reactions in which all acids take part. An acid can react with...
(1) a reactive metal (2) a base (3) a metal carbonate or metal hydrogencarbonate
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How can we test a gas to see if it is CO2?
Pass it through limewater. If it turns cloudy, it is carbon dioxide.
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a molecule or ion that is able to donate a proton
an acid
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Insoluble salts like barium sulfate and silver chloride are not crystallized, but instead produced by ionic p____________.
precipitation
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Salts are produced when the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by a ______?
metal
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Alkali solutions have an excess of ______ ions.
OH-
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What are the products of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?
sodium chloride and water
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What does amphoteric mean?
capable of reacting as either an acid or a base
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When an acid reacts with a reactive metal, a metal carbonate, or a base, it will produce...
a salt
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What are the products of a metal reacting with an acid?
salt + hydrogen
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Arrange the metals from most reactive to least reactive: lead, calcium, copper
calcium, lead, copper
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What kind of reaction is H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)
neutralization
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Which word means "capable of reacting as either an acid or a base"?
amphoteric (or amphiprotic)
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Which metals produce hydrogen in unsafe reactions with acids?
very reactive metals like sodium or calcium
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What is another way to describe a hydrogen ion (H+)?
a proton
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What salt is made with copper oxide and hydrochloric acid?
copper chloride (CuCl2)
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What salt is made with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and nitric acid (HNO3)?
potassium nitrate (KNO3)
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What salt is made with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)
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