Study

Chapter 15- The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

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  • Genes that are far apart on the same chromosome can have a recombination frequency near ____
    50%
  • Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called ____________________
    Linked Genes
  • Explain mutant phenotypes in a population.
    Traits that are alternatives to the wild type suggesting mutations in the alleles over time.
  • Offspring with nonparental phenotypes (new combinations of traits) are called
    recombinant types, or recombinants
  • A ______________ zygote has three copies of a particular chromosome
    trisomic
  • __________________ is a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
    Polyploidy
  • In ____________________, pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis As a result, one gamete receives two of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy
    nondisjunction
  • ______________ repeats a segment of a chromosome
    Duplication
  • ___________________ moves a segment from one chromosome to another
    Translocation
  • A ____________ zygote has only one copy of a particular chromosome
    monosomic
  • Each chromosome has______________ or ___________ of genes (except the Y chromosome)
    hundreds or thousands
  • X-linked recessive disorders are much more common in ______ than in _______.
    males, females
  • _______________ results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred. Offspring with this condition have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome
    Aneuploidy
  • What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
    Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes. Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment
  • ___________ reverses orientation of a segment within a chromosome
    Inversion
  • Genes found of the X chromosome.
    X-linked genes
  • What is a Barr body?
    The inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a Barr body.
  • ______________ (3n) is three sets of chromosomes
    Triploidy
  • Give an example of an X-linked gene.
    Color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Hemophilia
  • Explain the wild type phentoype.
    The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations.
  • ____________(4n) is four sets of chromosomes
    Tetraploidy
  • Sex-linked gene
    A gene located on either sex chromosome.
  • In mammalian females, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly ____________during embryonic development
    inactivated
  • A______ frequency of recombination is observed for any two genes on different chromosomes
    50%
  • ____________ removes a chromosomal segment
    Deletion