Why do we start giving vaccines from 6-8 weeks of age? Why do we give them again every 2-4 weeks?
This is because of Maternaly-derived Antibodies which should start to decline by then, but their presence can interfere with vaccine efficacy
____ vaccines are attenuated live vaccines which are non-virulent and only require a single dose. They provide stronger immunity and give via Mucous membranes. These can mutate with live unattenuated virus
Infectious
An owner wants to know if there are risk to a vaccine for their 6mo cat. What should you tell them?
Yes there are, describe the risks and how we monitor for them. Let them know the statistics if concerned and why vaccinating for certain diseases outweighs it.
Name the 3 Core vaccines for cats!
Feline parvovirus, Feline Calicivirus, Feline Herpesvirus 1
List the types of Adverse reactions an animal can have to a vaccine (give at least 4)
1. Pain of injection site or tissue reactions 2. generalised malaise 3. anaphylaxis 4. severe immune responses like IMHA
What are conditions when titre testing should be used? When do titre counts come back as low/fail?
To test for seroconversion, recognise immune system failure, or the need for a booster. Failure: MDA,bad vaccine storage/admin, it sucks, more time, host factor
What does it mean when a vaccine is licensed for a "10-week finish"
The vaccine can be administered at 6-8 weeks and 10 weeks with enough capability to achieve immunity titres for "early socialisation"
What is a Core vaccine based on VGG guidelines? Name all 3 for dogs
One where all dogs in the world must recieve at their recommended intervals to provide lifelong protection for herd-immunity. ex: CDV, CPV, CAV
Adult dog vaccine regime begins at ___ yrs old but you can booster at __months to capture non-responders to previous immunisations early
12-15yrs, 6 months
Would you omit the 12month health check for a puppy which had its first core vaccine booster at 6 months of age? They won't need another booster for 3 years if immunocompetent
No, you still need the 1 year health check to assess normal musculoskeletal development and health
What are Non-core vaccines and what do they depend on? Name all 4 for dogs.
as-need vaccines which are determined based on geographic location and lifestyle. Bordetella, Canina parainfluenza, Lepto, Borrelia (lyme disease)
Why is it important to remove injection related granulomas in cats if persist for > 1 month? What should you do when you get a live vaccine on an animals fur?
They can develop into Squamous cell carcinomas. CLEAN WITH ALCOHOL!!! (not dettol, not chlorhex)
What is the reasoning behind Not-recommended vaccines and which are they for dogs?
There is not enough scientific evidence to justify their use alongside their adverse reactions. Giardia and Coronavirus vaccines
____ are inactivated and antigenically intact vaccines which can not revert to pathogenic form yet cause anaphylaxis or reactions. Multiple doses necessary and do not create long-lasting immunity. Only SC injection
Non-Infectious
The kennel cough vaccine can be either intraoral or intranasal. Which one includes Bordetella and Parainfluenza protection? Is this a modified live vaccine or inactivated vaccine?
Intranasal, modified live. The inactivated need more doses and have greater side effects
Name the 3 Non-core vaccines for cats!
Feline panleukopenia, Chlamydophila felis, FIV
What is the name of the vaccine guideline legislation we must understand?
WSAVA- World Small Animal Veterinary Association
Describe the normal Kitten vaccination regime and tell me which viruses/conditions it covers and for how long.
FeLV, FHV-1, FCV. 6-8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks. Duration of action for FeLV is 3 years, 2 years for FHV-1 and FCV
When is the ONLY instance we should be giving the FIP vaccine (not-recommended vaccine)?
If the animal is younger than 16 weeks and has negative Ab for coronavirus
WSAVA guidelines differentiates between two types of vaccines -- what are they?
Infectious and Non-Infectious
Compare Chlamydophila felis vaccine and FIV vaccine. Which is non-core vs not recommended? Describe a situation for each where the risks outweigh potential benefit to administer.
C. felis =NOT RECOMMENDED. Fever, inappetance, URT signs, can use for catteries. FIV = NON-CORE, only 56-80% effective for A + D. High risk locations only