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G10 Chapter 12 & 13

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  • adrenaline
    A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, which prepares the body for fight or flight
  • What is excretion?
    The removal of waste products of metabolism (carbon dioxide, urea, excess water and salts)
  • ______ cells in the retina are able to distinguish between the different colours of light, but they only function when the light is quite bright
    cone cells
  • What happens to excess protein you eat?
    They are deaminated, into carbohydrates and ammonia. Ammonia is converted into urea.
  • Name two substances found in the blood which you would not find in the fluid inside a renal capsule.
    Proteins, red blood cells
  • 3 types of neurones
    sensory, relay, motor
  • neurotransmitters
    chemical substance/messenger
  • How many kidneys does a healthy person have?
    2
  • stimulus
    A change in an organisms surroundings that can be detected by its sense organs
  • NAme 2 excretory products of animals.
    Urea, carbon dioxide, excess water and salts
  • auxin
    A plant hormone which causes cells to elongate
  • What is deamination?
    The removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea.
  • Kidneys are made up of thousands of tiny tubules called
    nephrons
  • Humans cannot digest cellulose in our food - Getting rid of undigested cellulose in faeces is not excretion. It is called _____.
    Egestion
  • A kind of receptor cells in the retina that is sensitive to quite dim light but they do not respond to colour.
    rod cells
  • Which part of kidney does filtration or ultrafiltration happen. Clue: It is shaped like a cup with a tangle of blood capillaries.
    between your renal capsule and glomerulus
  • The ________ carries urine that the kidney has made to the bladder.
    ureter
  • How is glucose that is already in the tubule reabsorbed back into the blood?
    active transport
  • 3 main parts of a kidney. Start from the outer to the inner part.
    cortex, medulla,pelvis
  • effectors
    A part of the body that responds to a stimulus, e.g a muscle or a gland
  • receptors
    A cell that is able to detect changes in the environment; often part of a sense organ
  • Give one function of renal capsule.
    Receives the small molecules such as water, glucose, salts and urea that are squeezed out of the small capillaries.
  • Give one function of a collecting duct?
    Sends the remaining liquid, called urine into the ureter.
  • Adjustment in the shape of lens, to focus light coming from different distances is called
    accomodation
  • Give one function of glomerulus.
    Each nephron in your kidneys has a microscopic filter, called a glomerulus that is constantly filtering your blood.
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