an idea about what might happen that is based on what you already know
prediction
Energy transfers from ___ substances to ___ substances. ___ currents transfer energy to ___ air, and ___ air transfers energy to ___ currents.
warmer, colder, warmer, cooler, warmer, cooler
a giant pattern of moving water that spans whole oceans and moves water from place to place in a circle
gyre
the ability to make things move or change
energy
any of Earth’s main continuous areas of land, such as Africa, Asia, and North America
continent
general weather patterns over a long period of time
climate
to move from one object to another or one place to another
transfer
a result or change that happens because of an event or process
effect
scientists around the world who share information and ideas
scientific community
a measure of how hot or cold something is
temperature
a climate pattern where water near the equator gets hotter than usual and affects the weather around the world
El Niño
the distance of a place north or south of Earth's equator
latitude
ocean water flowing in a continuous path
ocean current
an event or process that leads to a result or change
cause
Changes to prevailing winds affect ___. Changes to ocean currents affect how much ___ is brought to (or taken away from) a location.
ocean currents, energy
the outside or top layer of something
surface
When an ___ comes from the equator, it brings __-than-expected water to the places it passes, and that water is ___ than the nearby air.
ocean current, warmer, warmer
an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand something by making it simpler or easier to see
model
the study of weather patterns over a long period of time
climatology
When an __ comes from a pole, it brings __-than-expected water to the places it passes, and that water is __ than the nearby air
ocean current, colder, colder
the distance of a place east or west of Earth's prime meridian
longitude
related to the sun
solar
An __ may have more than one ___; these may be linked into a chain of __ and ___.
effect, cause, causes, effects
• Energy from the __ is transferred to Earth’s ___. Some of that energy is then transferred to the ___ above the ___.
sun, surface, air, surface
the imaginary line that divides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres (halves
equator
___ and the ___ determine the direction of ocean currents.
prevailing winds, position of continents
a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface of the ocean
upwelling
winds that move in one direction and are strong enough to push ocean currents
prevailing winds
The closer a location is to the equator, the __ energy it receives from the sun. Therefore, a location’s air temperature is affected by its ___ from the equator.
more, distance
to use any of the five senses to gather information about something
observe