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Final Exam Review

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  • What is the process that makes clouds?
    condensation
  • Using the weather map, what kind of weather is Seattle currently experiencing?
    clear skies
  • What is the only type of cloud that causes thunderstorms?
    cumulonimbus
  • If we start with the ocean, what is the order of the five steps in the water cycle?
    Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, Collection
  • When the Earth’s axis points towards the sun, it is __________ for that hemisphere.
    summer
  • How would you describe the position of our solar system in the Milky Way galaxy?
    It is in the Orion outer spiral arm.
  • Why are fossil fuels considered a nonrenewable resource?
    It takes millions of years for them to form, so we use them faster than we can replace them.
  • What would happen to the solar system if the force of inertia suddenly disappeared?
    Everything would be sucked into the sun
  • Fossils of clams and fish were found high in the Himalayan Mountains, far above sea level. What does this suggest about the mountains?
    The Earth’s crust that formed these mountains used to be covered by an ocean.
  • Using the weather map, what kind of weather is Orlando about to experience?
    thunderstorms
  • Meg’s teacher asks her to do a scratch test to identify an unknown mineral. Meg discovers that Feldspar can scratch the mineral, but Fluorite cannot scratch it. Which mineral must it be?
    apatite
  • Why does the moon appear to change shape in the sky?
    As the moon revolves around Earth, we see it from different angles.
  • Scientists have been monitoring sea levels for decades. They noticed that sea levels have risen 10-20 centimeters, and will eventually flood coastal areas. What is the MOST likely cause of this rise in sea level?
    global warming melting the polar ice caps
  • Which two processes turn any rock into sediment?
    weathering & erosion
  • Mineral X is non-metallic and shows fracture. Scratch tests determine that its hardness is 7. The mineral is red, but the streak is white. What is mineral X?
    garnet
  • What changes metamorphic rock into igneous rock?
    melting & crystallization
  • A large canyon with a river running through the bottom was MOST LIKELY formed by which natural process?
    erosion
  • Dahlonega has been experiencing lingering rain showers and cloud cover that isn’t clearing up. What weather front is likely in Dahlonega?
    stationary front
  • How is the Sun the major source of energy in the water cycle?
    It provides the energy to evaporate water on Earth into the atmopshere.
  • Define natural resources.
    Something found in nature that is useful to people
  • Which force of motion is most responsible for keeping the planets in constant motion?
    inertia
  • What comes after runoff in the water cycle?
    collection
  • What are the three main factors that affect ocean currents?
    coriolis effect, continental deflection, & global winds
  • What are the 4 layers of the Earth from the OUTSIDE layer to the INSIDE layer?
    Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
  • What is the correct order of planets from shortest to longest revolution?
    Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
  • Rainwater mixes with carbon dioxide in the air as it sinks into the ground, turning it into a weak acid. This acidic water dissolves limestone underground and causes a cave to form. This is an example of which type of weathering?
    chemical
  • List five RENEWABLE resources.
    Hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass
  • Describe how the lithospheric plates move across the surface of the Earth.
    The plates are driven by convection currents within the mantle.
  • Which two layers of Earth are made of hard, rigid material that does not flow?
    crust & inner core
  • What are the layers of the atmosphere, starting at the surface of the Earth?
    Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
  • As you dive farther down into the ocean, how would the light, temperature, and pressure change?
    light and temperature decrease, pressure increases
  • If someone on Earth is standing in the PENUMBRA of the moon's shadow, what type of eclipse would they see?
    partial solar eclipse
  • Where is MOST of Earth's freshwater located?
    Polar ice caps & glaciers
  • What causes sedimentary rocks to change into metamorphic rock?
    heat & pressure
  • Which two geological events are MOST common along tectonic plate boundaries?
    earthquakes & volcanoes
  • What is the difference in structure between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
    The lithosphere is rigid and immovable, and the asthenosphere is hot, soft, and flowing
  • What two factos affect the density of water in ocean currents?
    temperature and salinity (salt content)
  • Fossils of a dinosaur species have been found in South America and Africa; two continents separated by an ocean. The dinosaur could not swim or fly. What does this suggest about the continents of South America and Africa?
    The continents were once connected.
  • How do wind and water change rocks over time?
    They change the shape of the rocks by removing sediment.
  • What percent of Earth's water is freshwater?
    3%
  • What is the MAIN reason a meteorite is different than a comet?
    It has passed through Earth's atmosphere
  • How is energy from the Sun transferred to Earth's surface?
    radiation
  • What is the process that occurs when gases in the atmosphere trap the Sun's heat, regulating temperatures on the surface of the Earth?
    Greenhouse Effect
  • This diagram illustrates the greenhouse effect. What is happening at number 2 on the diagram?
    Radiation that reached Earth’s surface is being absorbed by the surface.
  • Which geological feature is formed at a convergent boundary between two continental plates?
    mountains
  • This diagram shows one way rocks are formed. Which type of rock is formed by these processes?
    sedimentary
  • All clouds and weather activity occur in which layer of the atmopshere?
    Troposphere
  • Which three natural processes are happening at point A on this diagram of the rock cycle?
    deposition, copaction, & cementation
  • List four nonrenewable energy resources.
    Oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear power
  • Why do we plant seeds in the topsoil layer (A Horizon)?
    It contains a mixture of soil and humus that’s rich in nutrients for plant growth.
  • Which statement BEST describes the NORTHERN hemisphere in position 1?
    It is winter because the axis tilts away from the sun.
  • Why does the Moon have a greater gravitational pull on Earth's water than the Sun?
    The Moon is closer than the Sun
  • What is the most common gas in the atmosphere?
    nitrogen
  • Factories and sewage treatment plants are two common examples of which type of pollution source?
    Point source pollution
  • Dawsonville is experiencing clear, sunny skies. Which pressure system must be in Dawsonville?
    High Pressure
  • The O Horizon in this diagram is composed MAINLY of...
    Decaying organic material
  • Which natural process is MOST responsible for the formation of a cliff by the sea?
    erosion
  • How does the Gulf Stream current affect the eastern coast of North America?
    It brings warm water and air, keeping the coast from getting too cold during the winter
  • According to this chart, which three sources of greenhouse gas emissions made up 77% of our total emissions in 2019?
    transportation, electricity, and industry
  • Summarize what happens during the rock cycle.
    Rocks are always changing and any type of rock can be turned into another type by natural processes.
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