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Chapter 9 Microbial Genetics

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  • Tertiary and quartenary structure on a protein determine its
    shape/structure.
  • The ends of eukaryotic DNA contain ____, which are lost with age.
    telomeres.
  • Translation of proteins requires ___RNA, ___RNA, and ribosomes made with ___RNA.
    mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
  • Transcription reads ___ into ___.
    DNA into RNA
  • The expression of traits is an organism's
    phenotype.
  • _______ RNA encodes a gene's information.
    messenger RNA or mRNA
  • rRNA stands for
    ribosomal RNA
  • The discontinuous strand is called the
    lagging strand.
  • The three nucleotide code that determines the amino acid is
    the codon.
  • DNA polymerase makes new DNA in a ___ to ___ direction.
    5' -> 3'
  • Transcription and translation end with
    termination.
  • Purines base pair with
    pyrimidines.
  • ___ and ___ are purines.
    Adenine and Guanine
  • Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of a protein's ______ structure.
    secondary
  • The enzyme that seals together pieces of DNA is
    DNA ligase.
  • DNA is comprised of a ____ and ____ backbone.
    sugar and phosphate
  • The study of the entire set of genetic material is
    genomics.
  • The string of amino acids in a polypeptide is its _____ structure.
    primary
  • A protein's structure determines its
    function.
  • _____ are made in the nucleolus of eukaryotes.
    Ribosomes
  • ________ interprets mRNA into proteins.
    Translation
  • Transcription and translation start with
    initiation.
  • DNA helicase
    unzips your genes.
  • When DNA is replication, parent strands are used as templates for making new strands, so this is considered
    semiconservative.
  • Prokaryotic DNA is
    circular.
  • If a protein loses its structure, it is
    denatured.
  • dsDNA strands run in opposite directions making them
    antiparallel.
  • The genetic makeup of an organism is its
    genotype.
  • The leading strand is made
    continuously.
  • The middle step of transcription and translation is
    elongation.
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