What does a "front door" program do? Give an example
Diverts offenders away from the CJUS system; a diversion program is a common front-door program
The _____ model suggests that the subculture among inmates forms because of the pains of imprisonment
Deprivation model
A report that the probation officer fills out for a judge regarding an individual's criminal history, education, employment, mental health, etc., is called what?
Presentence investigation
What does the concept of "net widening" refer to?
Giving harsher sentences for offenders that would have normally received probation or a lesser sentence for the crime that they committed (drug offenses)
T/F: There have always been more male offenders than female offenders within the CJUS system
True
What group was William Penn a member of?
Quakers
What is the fastest growing age group in prisons today?
55+
Selling criminals to private individuals instead of sentencing them to penal facilities is known as:
Indentured servitude
The norms and values that prisoners learn while incarcerated are known as the:
Inmate code
What did the case of "Cooper v. Pate" give inmates the right to do?
File civil suits against prison authorities
In regard to "hands off" legislation, who administers and runs the programs associated with the prison?
Warden
Why doesn't the 4th Amendment pertain to prisoners? (Which protection are they not permitted to have while incarcerated?)
4th Amendment protection against unreasonable/unwarranted search & seizures
What is an STG and what does it generally refer to?
Security Threat Group; prison gangs
What are the differences between probation & parole?
Probation: in lieu of or before incarceration; under court supervision. Parole: conditional release from an institution to finish a sentence
When prisoners learn about prison life and become integrated into the subculture, it is called:
Prisonization
Describe what shock probation is
Administering a jail sentence that "shocks" offenders with probation as well in order to deter them from engaging in recidivism in the future
What are the 3 goals of correctional institutions?
Protect society, help/rehabilitate the offender, ensure the safety of correctional staff
Intensive-supervision probation is different than regular probation in what ways? (2 main ways)
Closer supervision/surveillance & smaller officer caseloads so they can spend more time with individual offenders
What is the main lasting effect from the Martinson Report of 1974?
Most prisons cut budgets for rehab programs or eliminated the programs entirely
What is "argot" in regard to prisons?
Prison slang
There is a hierarchy of inmates in prison institutions which depends on the crimes that they committed. Which group composes the BOTTOM of the hierarchy?
Sex offenders
Which type of prison has the highest security level?
Supermax
Which of the following is the most common formal sanction? - incarceration, restitution, fines, or probation
Incarceration
What are dynamic risk factors? List some examples
Factors that are unique to the individual & are able to change; these include: peer groups, education, employment, substance abuse, etc.
Suzy's probation was revoked because she did not check in with her probation officer on a weekly basis. This is an example of a ______ violation
Technical
What are the two goals of probation?
Rehabilitate the offender & protect society
T/F: Prisoners can be deprived of all Constitutional rights once they are incarcerated
False
The ____ model suggests that inmate subculture is transferred inside the prison walls from life outside
Importation model
Which group is the most important when it comes to a parole board making a decision about releasing an inmate?
Victims
Describe how the 1st Amendment primarily applies to prisoners in the US
Inmates can practice their religion as long as it does not compromise the safety/security of the prison/other inmates
Describe what "classification" is in regard to inmates
Determining which inmates go to which institutions & the specific conditions associated with their confinement
Describe what a pseudofamily is
Relationship among female prisons (family structure in prison)
T/F: House arrest can be given as a sentence or as a condition for awaiting trial (instead of awaiting it in jail)
True
What is the most common way that prisons handle mental/psychological issues among prisoners?
Medication
Modern parole is administered at the state and ____ levels - national, federal, county, or municipal
State & federal levels
The congregate system was first utilized at the _____ Penitentiary
Auburn
What is the term that refers to paying money to the victim, victim's family, etc. in order to respond to a crime committed?
Restitution
Most female inmates are incarcerated for a _____ offense
Drug
List 3 examples of technical probation violations
Associating with known criminals, failing to meet with a probation officer, failing to meet curfew, failed drug tests, etc.
What is a "mule"?
Drug smuggler/transporter
What were the purpose of "black codes" after the Civil War?
Criminalized trivial behavior of newly freed slaves
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