Unit 1 Test Review | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

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people create and run the government

self government

(Great Compromise) Called for a bicameral (two house) legislature.

Connecticut Compromise

electoral college, indirect election of senators, appointment of the federal judiciary

Buffers the "uncontrolled will of the people"

powers of government are limited by a document

limited government

A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act - led to boycotts & tarring & feathering of tax collectors

Stamp Act Congress

supported ratification of the Constitution, a strong central government, longer terms for elected officials and representative democracy

federalists (ratification of the Constitution)

opposed ratification of the Constitution, supported amending the Articles of Confederation, strong state governments, and feared the elite, believed in the "common people" to rule

antifederalists (ratification of the Constitution)

established ideas of separation of powers, checks and balances

Montesquieu

demanded by the antifederalists to ensure the protection of individual rights before they would agree to ratify

Bill of Rights

supported state governments, opposed protective tariffs and whiskey tax, had a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Democratic Republicans

Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

Treaty of Paris 1763

Hamilton's 3 part economic plan

establishment of public credit, a national bank, & assumption of state debts by the federal government

Weak Central (unicameral) Congress, no president, no judiciary - states supreme

Structure of the Articles of Confederation

Declaration of Independence was signed

July 4, 1776

the decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress

3/5 Compromise

required to pass laws under the Articles of Confederation

9/13

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and established that Parliament was more powerful than the King

English Bill of Rights

first president of the United States - no political party affiliation

George Washington

Vice-President under Washington - member of the Federalist party

John Adams

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all power

Necessary and Proper Clause

Natural rights - life, liberty, property

Locke

This series of laws were very harsh laws that intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance. It also closed down the Boston Harbor until the Massachusetts colonists paid for the ruined tea. Also forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers

coercive acts

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

separation of powers

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Supremacy Clause

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.

consent of the governed

this was the foundational economic base supported by the Democratic Republicans

Agrarian economy

things people can do without restriction

Rights

Legacy of the DoI

northern states began the gradual emancipation of enslaved persons

social contract theory - people establish a social contract with their government

Hobbs

The Right of the people to overthrow a government that acts against their common interests.

right of revolution

no one is above the law

rule of law

Secretary of State under Washington - leader in the Democratic Republican Party

Thomas Jefferson

Cause of the first two political parties

Hamilton's economic plan - Jefferson's opposition to the plan

Introduction to the Constitution

Preamble

demonstrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation to provide for "domestic tranquility"

Shays' Rebellion

right to fair and reasonable laws that are fairly enforced

Due Process

Articles of Confederation - modeled after the Continental Congress - established based on the fear the colonists had about a monarchy which infringed on the rights of people

1st government of the United States

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies - established admiralty courts

sugar act

The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.

Constitutional Convention

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Democracy

Success of the AoC

negotiated the Treaty of Paris , established a national domain

The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

Commerce Clause

supported a strong central government, protective tariffs, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, & the whiskey tax

Federalists (political party)

First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat.

Battle of Bunker Hill

A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

townshend acts

another name for the necessary & proper clause - used by Hamilton to justify the creation of the first National Bank

Elastic Clause

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.

concurrent powers

what the colonists experienced after the French & Indian War

Taxation

The first military engagement of the Revolutionary War. It occurred on April 19, 1775, - Ralph Waldo Emerson called it the "shot heard 'round the world"

Battle of Lexington & Concord

established an orderly way for new territories to become states (new states are equal to the original 13) & outlawed slavery in the territory

Northwest Ordinance

Powers given to the state government alone

reserved powers

required to amend the Articles of Confederation

13/13

high tax on imported goods - protects domestic industries by increasing the price of foreign made goods

protective tariff

established the rule of law, written by the nobility in 1215 to limit the power of the King and protect the rights of nobles

Magna Carta

end of the American Revolutionary War - Cornwallis surrenders to Washington Oct 1777

Battle of Yorktown

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Proclamation of 1763

this was the foundational economic base supported by the Federalists

Industrial economy

life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness

Natural Rights according to Jefferson

Writer(s) of the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson (& the Committee of 5)

the power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs

sovereignty

Secretary of the Treasury under Washington, leader of the Federalist Party

Alexander Hamilton

On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances - ignored by the King

Olive Branch Petition

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

French and Indian War

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Checks and Balances

Powers given to the national government alone

enumerated powers

Rule by the people

popular sovereignty

Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party

tea act

Officially brings independence to America & ends the American Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris 1789

demonstrated the strength of the government to enforce laws

Whiskey Rebellion

A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.

Republicanism

this occurred after the French & Indian war with taxation of the colonists by Parliament

end of salutary neglect

British courts originally established to try cases involving smuggling or violations of the Navigation Acts which the British government sometimes used to try American criminals in the colonies. Trials in Admiralty Courts were heard by judg

admiralty courts

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free nation - outlined the grievances the colonies had with the King

Declaration of Independence

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Common Sense

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

quartering act

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation (based on population) in both houses of a bicameral Congress. - foundation for House of Representatives

Virginia Plan

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.

Battle of Saratoga

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Stamp Act

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Federalism

A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress - foundational plan for creation of the Senate

New Jersey Plan

period in English history which led to salutary neglect of the Colonies (who then establish colonial assemblies)

Glorious Revolution