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The Law and Individual Rights

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  • When a convicted persons sentence is postponed and they are allowed to leave jail as long as they follow certain guidelines.
    Parole / Probation
  • What are three similarities that juvenile courts have with adult courts?
    right to attorney, to confront witnesses, to be told of charges, to remain silent, to bring own witnesses
  • When the Supreme Court uses its power of Judicial Review, what type of law are they ruling on?
    Constitutional Law
  • In the late 1960's Native Americans occupied this government facility to bring attention to discrimination and poor treatment.
    Alcatraz
  • When a serious crime is being considered a ____________ will look at evidence and determine is enough exists to formally charge.
    Grand Jury
  • In Roper v Simmons the Supreme Court determined that _______ could not receive the death penalty.
    Juveniles
  • The US Supreme Court ruled the Civil Rights Acts of 1875, which barred certain discriminatory practices unconstitutional because the 14th Amendment was established to banned certain state activities and not those of _______.
    Private individuals
  • To push individuals or groups to the edges of society, to treat them as insignificant is called _______.
    Marginalized
  • What precedent was established the the landmark Supreme Court Case of Plessy v Ferguson?
    Separate but Equal / Segregation OK
  • Who determines punishment in a criminal case?
    The Judge
  • When a person is notified that they are being sued and need to appear in court
    Summons
  • The purpose of this branch of law is to settle disputes between groups and individuals peacefully.
    Civil Law
  • The characteristics of a good law include reasonableness, enforceability, it is understandable, and it is ________.
    fair / equitable
  • What are two reasons critics argue the US needs prison reform?
    No 1 incarceration rate, prison overcrowding, mandatory sentencing, racism in system
  • When the judge has little choice in the penalty he must give a convicted person.
    Mandatory Sentencing
  • A plea made in a criminal trial, not a guilty plea, but a statement that the accused feels the evidence is too strong to beat.
    No Contest
  • In Obergefell v Hodges the Supreme Court ruled that laws banning _______ were a violation of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.
    Same Sex Marriage
  • Laws that are made by legislatures are called. ____________________.
    Statutory laws
  • In a criminal court who brings the charges against an individual.
    The government
  • What are two ways individuals may be discriminated in the work place.
    Pay, Promotions, Hiring, Benefits
  • What landmark Supreme Court decision overturn the precedent established in Plessy v Ferguson?
    Brown v Board of Education
  • In Loving v Virginia the Supreme Court said said that banning interracial marriages unconstitutional because of the ______ clause of the 14th Amendment.
    Equal Protection
  • Prevents the government from continually trying a case until they get a jury that gives a guilty verdict.
    Double Jeapardy
  • What is one way individuals can fight for their rights besides protesting.
    The Courts, Vote, Speak with Representatives, petition
  • The reason that juveniles are not fingerprinted and do not have public trials is ....
    Their record is expunged (deleted) after sentence is served
  • Running away from home, truancy, violating curfew, are all _______ offenses that apply only to juveniles.
    Status
  • The 14th Amendment ensures that every citizen is entitled to _________ of law.
    Due Process
  • A jury votes to acquit an individual, meaning .....
    Innocent
  • To formally charge an individual with a crime
    Indictment
  • The courts used this power to determine that laws banning same sex unions were illegal.
    Judicial Review
  • In the US individuals are considered "_______________________" when charged with a crime.
    Innocent until proven guilty
  • What are two of the four purposes for sentencing people for crimes.
    Rehabilitation, Deterrence, Incapacitation, Punishment
  • The United States leads the world in this category of criminal justice.
    Incarceration
  • Jerry Gualt was a 15 year old sentenced to 6 years in juvenile detention for a prank phone call. The Supreme Court threw out the sentence saying that juveniles have ______ rights as well as adults
    Due Process
  • What is the purpose of the juvenile justice system?
    Rehabilitation
  • Who has the burden of proof in a civil case
    The plaintiff
  • Civil law dealing the negligence or carelessness
    Tort Law
  • To deny a certain group of individuals a right or privilege that other citizens have, especially the right to vote is called .....
    Disenfranchisement
  • The Equal Pay Act (1963) banned pay discrimination against _____ who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment
    Women
  • In a civil case the burden of proof is said to be 'a feather +50%, called a ________.
    Preponderance of Evidence
  • The Supreme Court determined in the case In re Gault that when charged with a crime ____________________ have due process rights.
    Due Process
  • Defendant is told of the charges and makes a plea the charges during the _______.
    Arraignment
  • A court order to appear in court and give testimony
    Subpoena
  • One difference between juvenile and adult trials is the absence of this.
    Jury / Public
  • A serious crime that carries a punishment of with than a year in prison to death penalty.
    Felonies
  • Who is the prosecution in a criminal trial?
    The State
  • In Reed v Reed, the Supreme Court ruled that an Idaho law giving preference to ______ in awarding administration of an estate was a violation of the equal protection clause.
    Males / Men
  • A notification that a person is being sued.
    Summons
  • What is the last court of appeals in the appellate process.
    US Supreme Court
  • Has the burden of proof in a criminal trial
    Prosecution / Government
  • The birth of the fight for equal treatment by what part of society is said to have started with the Stonewall Inn in NY City?
    LGBTQ+
  • When you are arrested for a crime you are entitled to your _________ warnings.
    Miranda
  • To be told of the charges against you is your right to ____________________.
    Habeas Corpus
  • The transportation department requiring individuals to have their drivers license on hand when driving is an example of _______ law.
    Administrative
  • In what Supreme Court decision did the court rule that racial quotas were unconstitutional but that race could be used as one of a number of factors in determining admissions?
    University of California v Bakke
  • This building was occupied by Native Americans in the late 1960's to protest discrimination.
    Alcatraz
  • The _____ Amendment nationalized the Bill of Rights, making due process protections apply to state laws as well
    14th
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