What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleura (lining of the lungs).
What is the meaning of the combining form "atel/o"?
incomplete, imperfect
_______________ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and different tissues. (general term)
Respiration
What is the meaning of the suffix "-capnia"?
carbon dioxide
How many lobes are in each lung?
3 lobes in right lung, 2 lobes in left lung
What is laryngitis?
Inflammation of the larynx.
Dyspnea, feeling of suffocation, barrel chest, chronic cough, cyanosis, rapid respirations, and prolonged expiration are signs and symptoms of _______________.
Emphysema
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of gases between the cells of the body and bloodstream. (occurs within the body)
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs (only one cell thick), surrounded by capillaries at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange happens.
Largest cartilage that makes up the larynx. (more prominent in men)
Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)
What is the meaning of the combining forms "pneum/o", "pneumon/o", and "pulmon/o"?
lung, air
What causes emphysema? (2)
1) Heavy smoking. 2) Prolonged exposure to air pollutants.
Which structures make up the lower respiratory tract? (5)
1) Trachea 2) Lungs 3) Bronchi 4) Bronchioles 5) Alveoli
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "cyan/o" and 2) "trache/o"?
1) blue, 2) trachea
What is the meaning of the suffix "-phonia"?
voice
1) What does hemoptysis mean? 2) How do we treat it?
1) Spitting/coughing up blood. 2) Treat the underlying cause.
What is the correct order of the respiratory tract starting with the nasal/oral cavities and ending in the capillaries? (10)
1) Nasal/oral cavity 2) Pharynx 3) Epiglottis 4) Larynx 5) Trachea 6) Bronchi 7) Lungs 8) Bronchioles 9) Alveoli 10) Capillaries
What causes laryngitis? (2)
1) Respiratory infections 2) Overuse of larynx (vocal cords)
Lowermost cartilage of the larynx.
Cricoid cartilage
What does the trachea branch into?
Right and left bronchi (also made of cartilage)
What happens to the chest cavity during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes, intercostal muscles lower the ribs, and chest cavity decreases in size.
What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
Lungs
What is another word for nosebleed?
Epistaxis
What is often referred to as the throat?
Pharynx
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Covers the opening of the larynx (glottis)/prevents food from entering the larynx when swallowing.
Which number represents the left bronchus?
9
How do bronchodilators treat asthma?
Delivered via an inhaler and enlarge the bronchioles.
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "alveol/o" and 2) "ox/o"/"oxi/o"?
1) alveolus, 2) oxygen
What is the meaning of the combining forms "bronch/o" and "bronchi/o"?
bronchus
Which number represents the diaphragm?
6
Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract? (4-5)
1) Nasal cavity (and oral cavity) 2) Sinuses 3) Pharynx 4) Larynx
1) What does COPD stand for? 2) What type of disease does it describe?
1) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2) Any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways.
What is another word for trachea?
Windpipe
1) What is the inflammation of the tonsils? 2) What is the most common cause?
1) Tonsillitis 2) Virus (sometimes bacteria- strep)
What do the bronchi branch into?
Bronchioles
What is the meaning of the combining form "coni/o"?
dust
What happens to the chest cavity during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts (flattens downward), intercostal muscles raise the ribs, and chest cavity increases in size.
What is external respiration?
Exchange of gases between the lungs and bloodstream. (occurs in the alveoli)
What passes through the pharynx? (2)
Food and air
What is the trachea composed of (and why)?
C-shaped cartilage rings that give it rigidity and allow it to stay open at all times.
1) What causes an upper respiratory infection (URI)? 2) Is it contagious?
1) Virus (sometimes bacteria, but not as often) 2) Contagious
What are sinuses and where are they located?
Air filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity.
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
1) Nasopharynx (top, behind the nose) 2) Oropharynx (middle, behind the mouth) 3) Laryngopharynx (bottom, behind the larynx)
Name the functions of the respiratory system. (5)
1) Transport air into the lungs. 2) Deliver O2 to the cells of the body. 3) Remove CO2 from the body. 4) Protect against inhaled substances. 5) Produce sound.
1) What is bronchitis? 2) What are the 2 types?
1) Inflammation of the bronchi. 2) Acute and chronic.
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Smoking!
What divides the nose into 2 sides?
Nasal septum (cartilage)
Name the 4 sinus cavities.
1) Frontal (forehead) 2) Ethmoidal (between eyes) 3) Sphenoidal (behind nose) 4) Maxillary (cheeks)
How should epistaxis be treated? (4)
1) Pinch the nostrils and tilt head slightly forward 2) Cold compress 3) Nasal packing 4) Treat the underlying cause
What are the functions of the sinuses? (2)
1) Warm and moisten air. 2) Amplify the tone of voice/give resonance to voice.
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "epiglott/o" and 2) "sinus/o"?
1) epiglottis, 2) sinus
What are the meanings of the combining forms 1) "laryng/o" and 2) "pharyng/o"?
1) larynx, 2) pharynx
How does the nose offer protection to the body?
Filtration (Mucous membranes captures debris. Cilia sweeps it away.)
What is the meaning of the suffix "-osmia"?
smell
What makes up one respiration?
One inspiration (inhale) and one expiration (exhale)
What is the meaning of "hal/o", "spir/o", and "-pnea"?
breathe, breathing
Which number represents the alveoli?
11
Which number represents the bronchioles?
10
What are some causes of pneumonia? (4)
1) Bacteria 2) Virus 3) Chemicals 4) Aspiration
What is the difference between latent and active tuberculosis?
Latent- bacteria engulfed by wbc's remain in tubercles in the lungs. Active- bacteria is not contained and person is sick.
Which number represents the pharynx?
7
Inflammation of the cavities around the nasal passages.
Sinusitis
What are the primary signs/symptoms of pleurisy? (2)
1) Sharp pain during breathing (dyspnea). 2) Grating sound in the lungs during breathing.
What is the larynx commonly called?
Voice Box
What is the function of the bronchi?
Act as a passageway from the trachea into lungs.
What causes tuberculosis?
Bacteria- mycobacterium tuberculosis
What does the larynx contain?
Vocal cords (or vocal folds)
What is the meaning of the suffix "-ptysis"?
spitting
1) What causes influenza? 2) Is it contagious?
1) Virus 2) Highly contagious
What lines the bronchioles?
Smooth muscle tissue (to allow them to contract or dilate)
Which number represents the trachea?
8
What part of the respiratory system is affected by emphysema?
Alveoli. The walls deteriorate and lose their elasticity.
What are the signs/symptoms of laryngitis? (4)
1) Hoarseness 2) Loss of voice (aphonia) 3) Sore throat 4) Painful swallowing (dysphagia)
1) What is the leading cause of cancer death? 2) Why?
1) Lung cancer. 2) Signs and symptoms typically only occur when the disease is more advanced.
What is inflammation or infection of the lungs characterized by exudate (pus) in the alveoli?
Pneumonia
What are some risk factors for sinusitis? (5)
1) Infection/pathogen 2) Allergies 3) Nasal polyps 4) Deviated septum 5) Tooth infection
Which number represents the larynx?
3
_____________ is the exchange between the air and the lungs (inhalation and exhalation).
Ventilation
What happens during an asthma attack? (3)
1) Bronchospasms narrow the bronchioles. 2) Mucus production increases. 3) Edema (swelling) develops in the mucosal lining.
What surrounds each lung and why?
Thin, double layer membrane called pleura. Protects against the friction of breathing and moisture to allow movement.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 respirations per minute