Which department is considered the "legal arm" of the federal system & who is in charge of it?
Department of Justice - headed by U.S. Attorney General
In relationship to the Modern Era of Policing, what are some of the technological advances that have become important?
Fingerprinting, body cams, polygraph testing, DNA testing
T/F: The U.S. still has a quasi-military structure, hierarchical ranks, & chain of command today
True
What is police discretion?
Decision to choose to enforce the law
Law in action v. law in the books
Who is considered the father of American policing & advocated for immense police reform in the U.S.?
August Vollmer
What is the difference between a meat-eater & grass-eater cop?
Meat-eater: directly engages in corruption
Grass-eater: passively engages, like taking bribes
Name a pro & a con of body cams
Pro: increases liability, could limit UOF
Con: Limits discretion, only see one viewpoint
Why was the Department of Homeland Security created?
It was created in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks
What was the first private policing agency?
The Pinkerton Detective Agency
Who is credited with being the father of policing & established the Metropolitan Police Force in London?
Sir Robert Peel
What is fragmentation in relation to policing?
Because of decentralization, there is a lack of communication between the policing bodies (local to state, state to federal, etc.)
Lack of communication
What was the Community Era of policing concerned with?
Expanding policing into the community
Cops become more service-oriented & problem-solving
What were some problems during the Political Era of Policing?
Law enforcement was heavily tied to political interference
Bribes were often accepted
What was the focus of the Professional Era of Policing?
Sought to drive the politics out of policing & wanted to focus more on crime fighting & responding to crime
T/F: Modern policing is based on a centralized model
False: decentralized
T/F: Jurisdiction is the legal authority to act (NOT limited by geographic boundaries)
False
What concept did the South Park episode talk about?
The issue of jurisdiction
T/F: Polygraph is admissible in court as a source of evidence
False
List the 4 eras of policing
1. Political Era
2. Professional Era
3. Community Era
4. Modern Era
By the year 1880, all major cities in the U.S. had adopted ____'s model
Sir Robert Peel
Name one of the 6 organizations that focus on national security issues (part of federal policing)
TSA, ICE, border patrol, customs, National Guard, Secret Service
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