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ESCIENCE 10 - FIRST QUARTER REVIEW

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  • What is the reason why the Continental Drift was rejected?
    Because Wegener cannot explain the mechanism why plates are drifting
  • Why is it important to have at least three seismic data for triangulation?
    To locate the point of intersection that is the epicenter of the earthquake
  • A type of division of earth's layers based on physical and behavioral properties
    Mechanical Layers
  • What are the evidence of Plate Tectonic Theory?
    (1) Age of crustal materials (2) Fossil Evidences (3) Volcanism and seismicity (4) Hotspots (5) Geodesy
  • It is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Philippine Sea plate.
    Philippine Mobile Belt
  • What is the difference between a Mantle Plume and a Hotspot?
    Mantleplumes are the upwelling of hot rock that triggers partial melting while hotspots are the surface manifestation of mantle plumes.
  • How do divergent boundaries move?
    They move through mantle convection and lateral flow of magma underneath the plates
  • How do P-waves travel through the earth's interior?
    It can pass through both mantle and core but slowed and refracted due to the difference of densities
  • Which part of the Philippine Archipelago was almost stationary throughout the formation of the Philippine Islands?
    Palawan Microcontinental Block
  • What geographic landforms are associated with Convergent Plate Boundaries?
    Deep-ocean trenches, Mountain ranges
  • What was the argument of scientists against the evidence of fossils matching across the seas?
    Rafting, Transoceanic land bridges and island stepping stones can possibly explain the migrations
  • What happens in a transform plate boundary?
    Shear stress occurs causing two plates to slide past each other, producing fault zones
  • What was the main goal of ocean drilling?
    To prove that seafloor spreading is occuring by establish the ages of rock samples gathered across the ocean floor
  • What continents are included in the Gondwanaland?
    South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia
  • Why is the Plate Tectonic Theory considered as the unifying theory?
    Because it encompasses the concept of continental drifting with the help of seafloor spreading evidence
  • How do island arcs form?
    They are formed when an older oceanic plate subducts under a younger oceanic plate
  • What type of stress is exhibited by divergent plate boundaries?
    Tensional Stress
  • What is the difference in the behavior of P-waves and S-waves based on how they travel on the earth's interior?
    P-waves can travel in all layers while S-waves can only travel through the mantle
  • What is seafloor spreading?
    Occurs in divergent boundaries where new oceanfloor is generated through the help of mantle convection
  • What is the difference between the two types of seismic waves?
    Body waves travel through the interior of the earth (high frequency) while surface waves travel only through the crust.
  • What happens during oceanic-continental convergence?
    The oceanic plate subducts and the continental plate overrides forming Volcanic arcs
  • What is the difference between oceanic and continental lithosphere based on composition?
    Oceanic - mafic and ultramafic, Continental - granitic, sedimentary and metamorphic
  • An earthquake belt that is characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Also considered as the zone of greatest seismic activity.
    Circum-Pacific Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire
  • These boundaries are considered conservative margins.
    Transform Plate boundaries
  • What are the four phases involved in the Elastic Rebound Theory?
    (1) Original Position (2) Buildup of Strain (3) Slippage (rupture) (4) Strain released
  • What are the evidences proving that the lithosphere is divided into plates?
    (1) location of earthquake epicenters and (2) distribution of active volcanoes and mountain ranges
  • What fossilized ferns were found in all of the southern continents that support the concept of continental drift?
    Glossopteris Fern
  • What geographic formation results from a continental-continental convergence?
    Mountain Ranges
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