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Neurons, Neural Firing, Nervous and Endocrine Sy ...
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these create the myelin
Schwann cells
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this neurotransmitter is linked to calming and relaxation
GABA
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this neurotransmitter is primarily linked to mood
Serotonin
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this neurotransmitter is primarily linked to learning; Parkinson's and schizophrenia are linked
Dopamine
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this gland regulates "T" cells for the immune system
Thymus
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What part of the PNS is responsible for voluntary muscle movements?
somatic
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these neurotransmitters is to arousal and excitement; specifically during stress
Epinephrine/norepinephrine
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these types of neurotransmitters make threshold more difficult and thus less likely to reach action potential
inhibitory
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when a neuron reaches a threshold of depolarization is allows the neuron to fire, the firing of the neuron is called
Action Potential
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the space between two neurons (terminal button and dendrites) is called
synapse
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This type of scan uses radioactive glucose to show what parts of the brain are being stimulated
PET scan
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a neuron either fires or it doesn't; this process is called
All-or-None Respose
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another name for the sympathetic nervous system is
fight or flight
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What part of the PNS is responsible for automatic functions like breath and reflexes?
autonomic
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What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?
rest and digest
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This type of scan is used primarily in sleep studies and measures electrical activity in the brain
EEG
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these types of neurotransmitters make threshold more likely and thus reach action potential
excitatory
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Circadian rhythms are regulated by this gland; it secretes melatonin
Pineal gland
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these are sacs filled with neurotransmitters
terminal vesicles
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this is the master gland that runs all of the others
Pituitary
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this is the process by which unused neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the original neuron
reuptake
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What two things determine the strength of neuron firing?
how many times it fires and how fast it can complete its refractory period
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these are drugs that block neurotransmitters
antagonists
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these carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord
Afferent/sensory neurons
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these are where the terminal vesicles are stored
terminal buttons
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electrical signals are turned into chemicals that are passed to the next neuron called
neurotransmitters
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this part of a neuron receives messages
dendrites
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this neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
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this is phenomenon is referred to as ____ and ____ because specific neurotransmitters only fit into specific receptor sites
Lock and Key
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the Central Nervous System is made up of
brain and spinal cord
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These produce estrogen primarily, but also progesterone and testosterone
Ovaries
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this is the process by which sodium ions travel into the neuron and potassium flows out
depolarization
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These primarily produce testosterone, but also low levels of estrogen
Testes
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This gland regulates calcium in the human body
Parathyroid
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This scan exposes the brain to a magnetic field and measures radiofrequency of waves
MRI
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These gland release adrenaline during fight or flight situations
Adrenal
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This part of the brain is involved with thirst, hunger, and body temperature.
Hypothalamus
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What two parts is the Peripheral Nervous System broken down into?
autonomic and somatic
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The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of
everything else
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This gland stimulates the release of sugar into our blood streams
Pancreas
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These scans create a 3D image of internal organs, soft tissue, etc. using multiple images
CT scan
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the resting period after a neuron has fired is called
refractory period
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this is the fatty substance around the axon that protects it
myelin
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these are drugs that mimic the effect of neurotransmitter
agonists
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this is also called the cell body
soma
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this is the part of the dendrite that receives signals
receptor sites
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this is the part of the neuron that the signal travels down
axon
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What two parts is the autonomic nervous broken down into?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
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these act like cell phone towers allowing the signal to travel more quickly down the axon
Nodes of Ranvier
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this scan detects magnetic changes in blood flow patterns and is useful for detecting changes in activation of different brain centers
fMRI
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these carry messages from the spinal cord to the glands, muscles, organs, etc
Efferent/motor neurons
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This gland regulates metabolism through the hormone thyroxin
Thyroid
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