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Strategies of politeness
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What is Idolect?
The speech variety of an individual speaker
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What is negative face?
Negative Face refers to our right to independence of action and our need not to be imposed on by others
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"That’s a nice haircut you got. Where did you get it?"
Positive politeness strategy - Notice, attend to Hearer (interests, wants, needs, goods)
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What is tight community?
All members of one groyp interacting with each other
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"I don’t suppose you’d like to go to the movies with us."
Negative politeness strategy - Be pessimistic
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Joos also defined four differentiating factors that influence the use of language register
audience, topic, purpose ,location
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When a person starts a conversation with a stranger is _____________ style
consultative
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"Poor Mai. I heard that the English final exam of your university - ULIS is very challenging."
Positive politeness strategy - Give sympathy to Hearer
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Why do some dialects have more prestige than others ?
Historical factors, dialect is colse to SL
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Which style usedritualistic communication where the speaker shares his views in a monotono.
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Who are interlopers?
People who move to a new dialect area
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"Hey, mate, can you lend me a dollar?"
Positive politeness strategy - Use in-group solidarity markers (honey, luv, mate, pal, buddy, bro, guys, cutie, fellas, etc)
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What is register?
the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances.
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"OK, let’s buy some food for dinner."
Positive politeness strategy - Include both S & H in the activity
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What is external language?
All that happens among people in social context
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What is positive face?
Positive Face refers to our need to be accepted and liked by others and our need to feel that our social group shares common goals
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Whish style is very private or non-public discourse?
Intimate
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Factors that contrubute to variation
Social situation,occupation,age,geography,education,gender,social class
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It seems that we have to leave now."
Negative politeness strategy - Impersonalize S and H/ Hedging
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"Parking on the double yellow line is illegal, so I’m going to give you a fine."
Negative politeness strategy - State the FTA as a general rule
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