Why was winter a common time to slaughter animals?
There might not be enough grain to feed livestock throughout the winter. People could eat the meat, rather than use up grain to feed the animals.
Who were yeomen?
People who owned their own farmland.
Why might farmers and villagers hunt game, even though this was not allowed?
Farmers might want to hunt the animals that ate their crops. People without enough food might poach game because they didn’t have other sources of food.
What was life like for most children?
They helped with farm work. They did not go to school.
What work remained to be done with the grain after it was harvested?
The grain had to be bundled, left to dry, threshed To use the grain to make bread, the grain had to be milled.
How did inventions of new machines change the way people worked?
The new machines could do hard work that used to be done using animals or done by hand by people.
What are some negative consequences of the IR?
inequality and bad environment
What kind of power was used during the Industrial Revolution?
Steam power was new. Steam made engines and pumps work.
What was life like for most people in rural England during this time?
Poor, worked on farms owned by other people, worked hard for long hours, thought of producing more food
What were some ways the weather could affect people?
Too much rain, or not enough rain, could make it hard to plow. After planting, farmers needed rain, or seedlings would not grow.
What difficulties did workers face during the early phases of the IR?
They often worked long hours in dangerous conditions, were paid low wages, and had little or no legal rights or protection.
Why do you think village houses were so simple and bare at this time?
The people had to make almost everything themselves; they didn’t have much time left to build more complex homes or or furniture. Most people were poor.
When did developments in technology begin to cause big changes for ordinary people in England?
Big changes started happening in the 1600s and 1700s.
What steps did workers in Britain and Europe begin to take in order to change things?
They called for sweeping reforms, organized unions, and refused to work in bad conditions.
Why was the harvest so important?
If weather or animals led to a small harvest, people faced malnutrition and the possibility of becoming sick from often fatal diseases.
Why did orphanages send children to work?
This was a way for the orphanages to make money.
How did the IR help improve people’s lives?
Some kinds of work became less physically demanding; more goods were produced; new jobs created
Who were gentry?
People who belonged to a higher social class but were not nobles and didn't have titles.
How did villagers buy and sell goods?
They traded, bought, or sold goods at a weekly market.
How did people harvest grain in England at this time?
They harvested grain by hand, using a sickle or scythe.
How did life change for ordinary (non-noble) people in England after serfdom disappeared?
lived in villages, not tied to a lord's land, could rent land
What tools and resources did people use for farming and producing food in England during the time period before the Industrial Revolution?
Why did so many children work in mines and factories at this time?
Their families were very poor and needed the income. It was easier for kids to find work than for adults. Factory and mine owners often preferred to hire kids.
How did some early reformers try to protect children who worked?
They passed some laws to protect children and women from unsafe conditions and requiring small children to have two hours of school per day.
What food and other goods did people in rural England typically produce or make during the time period before the Industrial Revolution?