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Spread via mucous or saliva (usually children) – Fever and sore throat; rash on the hands, feet, mouth, and tongue, caused by enterovirus
Hand foot mouth disease
Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 – High fever; body rash; recovery within 1 to 2 days
roseola
A 9-month-old baby with a macular rash is brought to the hospital. Parents report that the rash started on the face, spread to the rest of the body, and was preceded by cold-like symptoms. There are small reddish spots in the baby's mouth.
rubeola
A 35-year-old woman has a red, raised rash on the inside of her thighs. Gram-stained skin scrapings show large budding cells with pseudohyphae. The infection is caused by
Candida albicans
Furuncles, toxic shock syndrome, and scalded skin syndrome all are caused by which bacteria?
Staphylococcus aureus
The patient has scaling skin on his fingers. Conidiospores are seen in microscopic examination of skin scrapings. The etiology is
micosporum
herpetic whitlow, fever blisters, herpes encephalitis are all caused by
HSV-1
caused by unsanitary contact lenses; mild inflammation followed by severe pain; treatment with propamidine isethionate and neomycin; may require corneal transplants
Acanthamoeba keratitis
caused by HSV-1; infection of the cornea with deep ulcers; may be the most common cause of infectious blindness in the U.S
herpetic keratitis
How might penicillin use result in candidiasis?
penicillin suppresses growth normal microbiota, Candida will be opportunistic; Candida is not affected by penicillin, allowing the fungus to multiply freely
Several individuals who frequently swim at a local community pool have developed infections. Some have developed a skin rash and others have developed a painful infection of the outer ear canal. What is the most likely etiologic agent?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What test could you preform to differentiate between staphylococcal skin infections?
Coagulase test
Scabies is a skin disease caused by a
mite
An eight-year-old girl has scabs and pus-filled vesicles on her face and throat. Three weeks earlier she had visited her grandmother, who had shingles. What infection does the eight-year-old have?
chickenpox
How do sporotrichosis and tineas differ?
sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection where as tineas in a cutaneous fungal infection.
You have a culture of bacteria that you suspect is either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Is there any morphological difference between the two?
Yes. Microscopically, S. aureus typically forms gram-positive cocci in clusters, whereas S. pyogenes forms gram-positive cocci in chains.
What is the most common type of subcutaneous mycosis in the United States?
sporotrichosis; forms small ulcer on the hands and enter the lymphatic system in the area and forms more similiar lesions.
You are examining a scraping of an infected cornea under the brightfield microscope and see eukaryotic cells. This is probably a case of
Acanthomoeba keratitis.
Favors growth in moist environments, rod-shaped, produces pyocyanin, Produces exo- and endotoxins; grows in biofilms resistant to many types of disinfectants and antibiotics.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What do Chlamydia trachomatis, adenovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and N. gonorrhea all have in common?
They are all causative agents of conjunctivitis
Virus- Mild flulike symptoms; “slapped-cheek” facial rash; also known as erythema infectiosum
parvovirus (Human parvovirus B19)
Transmitted via the respiratory route, moves into the bloodstream, and infects the skin; Two forms of the disease – 2 forms: Variola major has 20-60% mortality – Variola minor has <1% mortality
poxvirus (orthopoxvirus)
How did the odd naming of "fifth disease" arise?
It is the fifth disease on a list of skin rash diseases (Measles, scarlet fever, rubella, Filatov Dukes' disease, Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease)
What bacterial species features the virulence factor M protein?
Streptococcal sp.
Are skin bacteria more likley to be gram (-) or gram (+) ?
Gram (+)
What perspiration factors discourage microbial growth?
salt in sweat inhibits many microorganisms; lysozyme is capable of breaking down the cell walls of certain bacteria and antimicrobial peptides


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