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NSG223 Exam 2 Review
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What does kayexalate do?
eliminates k through the body through feces
What needs to be done prior to a test with contrast?
check kidney function; creat over 2 is HIGH risk; prehydration with normal saline
What happens during the oliguria phase of AKI?
Minimal urine output
What is RIFLE?
AKI Classification: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage Kidney Disease
What is a normal GFR?
90-100
What is a normal creatinine?
0.5-1.35
What is a normal BUN level?
7-20
What is mannitol and why would it be used?
Diuretic. Force urine for those with AKI/oliguria (or brain swelling)
What is the difference between compensated and decompensated cirrhosis?
Compensated: Still have most live functioning ability; Decompensating: liver is failing and not doing its job
Which type of cirrhosis is caused from excessive alcohol use?
Alcoholic cirrhosis
What does AST measure?
AST is an enzyme that helps metabolize amino acids. Like ALT, AST is normally present in blood at low levels. An increase in AST levels may indicate liver damag
What test can be done to assess if a patient with chronic pancreatitis may be developing diabetes?
Glucose tolerance test
What is the most severe type of pancreatitis?
necrotizing
Idarucizumab is the antidote for ______.
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
List 3 risk factors for PE.
Recent surgery, pregnancy, HF, over 50yo, hypercoagulable state, prolonged immobility, OCPs, smoking
What does an IVC filter do?
Provides a screen in the IVC- allows blood through while blocking or fragmenting emboli from pelvis or lower extremities
How long should a patient expect to be on anticoagulation therapy after a PE?
10 days-3 months; Forever if high risk
Heparin is safe to use during pregnancy. True or False?
True- does not cross placental barrier and not secreted in breast milk
How does warfarin work?
Acts in liver to prevent synthesis of vit-K dependent clotting factors. Similar to vit-K in structure, it acts as a competitive antagonist to hepatic use of K
What is the antidote to warfarin?
Vit K
Rivaroxaban is safe to use for those with renal disease. True or False
False- avoid if creatinine clearance of less than 15mL/min
Garlic can increase the effects of heparin. True or False?
True (garlic supplement or excessive garlic intake)
Which acid-base imbalance can be caused by ingestion of antifreeze?
Metabolic Acidosis
Which acid-base imbalance can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis?
Metabolic Acidosis
Which acid-base imbalance can be caused by prolonged diuretic use?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Which acid-base imbalance can be caused by a panic attack or severe anxiety?
Respiratory Alkalosis
What is this: pH: 7.36 PaCO2: 37 HCO3: 25
normal ABGs
What is this: pH 7.27 PaCO2: 7 HCO3: 10
Metabolic Acidosis with partial compensation
Why would vecuronium be given to a patient prior to intubation?
it is a fast acting neuromuscular that last only about 30 min that can help relax the vocal cords and jaw.
How do you test for neuromuscular blockade?
Train of 4
You are going to be giving a patient midazolam. Which reversal agent do you need available?
Flumazenil
You are going to be giving a patient midazolam. Which reversal agent do you need available?
Flumazenil
Patients with ARDS may experience hypoxemia even with oxygen supplementation. True or False ?
True
Your patient has a high risk for DVT following a recent surgery. You should encourage them to dangle their legs for long periods of time if they won't ambulate. True or False?
False- dangling can restrict blood flow behind the knees. Need to ambulate.
What is the "classic" sign of pulmonary edema?
Pink frothy sputum
What is a normal CO2 level (ABGs)?
35-45 mmHg
What is a normal HCO3 level?
22-26 mEq/L
What is a normal plasma pH?
7.35-7.45


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