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NSG223 Exam 1 Review (Cards)
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What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
These medications can convert heart rhythm: Fecainide, Dofetilide, Propafenone, Amiodarone. True or False
True
On an ECG, which interval represents the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
QT interval
On an ECG, which wave represents atrial depolarization.
P Wave
Ampicillin should be given with food to avoid stomach upset. True or False.
False. for best absorption, give on empty stomach
A pleural friction rub may be heard in a patient with pericarditis. True or false
true
What is the most common cause of myocarditis?
virus; can also be bacterial, fungal, parasitic, protozoal
What are the main s/s of endocarditis?
fever, heart murmur, petechiae, headache
Inflammation of the inner most layer of the heart muscle is called ____.
Endocarditis
Mitral Valve Stenosis is diagnosed by _____.
Echo
The mitral valve has ___ valves. #
2
Severe mitral valve regurgitation can be treated with _____.
valve replacement, valvuloplasty, chordae Tendinniae, annuloplasty
What test is used to diagnose mitral valve prolapse?
Echo
What test is used to diagnose cardiomyopathy?
Echo
How long should a patient expect anticoagulation therapy after biological mitral valve replacement?
3 months
Mitral regurgitation is commonly treated with balloon valvuloplasty. True or False.
False- Regurgitation is not stenosis. valves don't need to be opened. they are too flaccid
Patients with mitral valve stenosis may present with respiratory symptoms. True or False
True- can cause pulmonary venous hypertension (less force to push blood into the body; backs up in lungs)
EMERGENT PCI is also the first line of treatment for patients presenting with NSTEMI. True or False
False- not a full blockage
Prior to starting any cholesterol medications, you must first check ____ function.
liver
Your patient is diagnosed with a STEMI in the ER. You have an order for alteplase. This should be given within ___ hours of onset of pain.
6
A patient with a STEMI should get to cath lab for a PCI within ___ minutes of arrival to the ER.
90 mins- better outcome
Which type of angina has increasing symptoms/severity and is not relieved with rest or nitro?
Unstable- get to ER
What is a normal troponin I range?
0.0-0.04ng/mL
What is a normal INR? What is a therapeutic INR for a patient with A-fib?
Normal: 1.1 or less; Therapeutic: 2.0-3.0
What is a normal PTT range? What is therapeutic range for heparin therapy?
25-35 seconds; therapeutic goal: 45-70 seconds
Males are at higher risk for a-fib than females. True or False
False- sex doesn't affect risk
Prior to starting amiodarone, patients need _______ testing.
PFTs and Renal Labs
What is a normal PR interval?
0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small boxes)
On an ECG, each small square is ___ seconds. Each large square is ___ seconds. A 6-second interval is ___ squares.
0.04 seconds; 0.2 seconds; 30 large squares
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization?
T Wave (resting state)
It is ok to do a cardiac stress test within 48 hours of an acute MI. True or False?
False- need to wait at least 48 hours after to prevent further ischemia to the heart
Describe telemetry "alarm fatigue".
Certain rhythms trigger a frequent alarm. Ex: Afib and irregular rhythm alarm; tachycardia and high HR alarm. OK to silence/adjust parameters
How many leaflets in the aortic valve? Mitral valve?
3,2


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