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Earth Science Fall Final Study Guide
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What is astrology?
Superstitious belief that stars control the future
What is astronomy?
Scientific study of the universe/space
What is the difference between a meteor and meteorite?
both space debris--meteors burn up in the atmosphere; meteorite's reach the earth's surface
What is our galaxy called?
Milky Way
What is a group of stars that forms a picture called?
constellation
What is a nebula?
cloud of gas and dust in space
What is a comet?
ball of ice that orbits the sun
What is an exploding star called?
Nova
The gap between Mars and Jupiter is called what?
Asteroid Belt
What is a galaxy?
millions of stars rotating around a center
What is the North Star?
star that doesn't move with respect of the earth's rotation
What is the unit of measurement for distances in space?
light-year
What determines the location of a comet's tail?
Always points away from the sun (solar wind), even if its heading away from the sun.
Give one possible explanation for the ability to see distant starlight in a young world.
God created with maturity/age; General Relativity
What is the most common evolutionary explanation for the origins of the universe?
Big Bang Theory
Why do stars appear to move through the night sky?
rotation and revolution
What two things do we need to know to determine how far away a star is?
brightness and size
Which star color is brighter, blue or yellow?
blue
What invention demonstrates the rotation of the earth?
Foucault Pendulum
Describe the Heliocentric model of our solar system.
Sun at the center
Describe the Geocentric model of our solar system.
Earth at the center
How do seasons show God's provision for man?
seasons to plant food; tolerable weather
Why does the earth experience seasons?
tilt of the earth's axis
What are two ways the earth moves in space?
rotation and revolution
What causes an earthquake?
movement of the earth's crust; stress due to moving tectonic plates is released.
How are depositional mountains formed?
Layers of sediment are deposited over time and pressed down
What is a glacier?
a large mass of ice that does not melt fully each summer
What is a tsunami?
Large waves caused by an earthquake
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
All objects go into a state of chaos
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
matter cannot be created or destroyed
What is the measurement of a mountain from base to peak (top)?
Actual Height
What is the difference between sea level and the peak (top)?
Elevation
True or False. Revolutionists believe everything happens by natural processes (uniformitarianism)
true
How are erosional mountains formed?
wind/water erode material away
What is Uniformitarianism?
the belief that everything in nature happened only by natural processes
Explain how water can break a rock (multiple ways).
large amount of water can erode rocks (waves, rivers, tsunamis); water can enter cracks, freeze, and expand--breaking the rock.
Describe the process for the eruption of a geyser. 3 parts.
Water pools below the surface; heat/pressure build from the magma; eruption (water/steam)
The young earth creationist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.
a little time, a lot of water
The evolutionist view of Grand Canyon is (a little/a lot) of time, and (a little/a lot) of water.
A lot of time, a little bit of water
List two methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion.
Spread cow manure; wood chips; build terraces; irrigation canals
What is one of the most active volcanic countries in the world?
Indonesia
Why is color an inaccurate way to identify a mineral?
Minerals are various colors; many minerals are the same color
Can metamorphic rock form at low temperatures?
No, needs heat, pressure, and time
Where is natural gas nearly always found? Near what?
Oil deposits
What do fossils prove?
They don't prove evolution or divine creation, but they support the idea that fossils could be created in thousands of years, not just millions
What type of rock is sandstone? Sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous?
Sedimentary
Do all rocks sink in water?
No; example: pumice floats
When do larger crystals form in igneous rock?
Cooling slowly--time to form air pockets
What are rocks made from?
Minerals and bits of organic material; small pieces of other rocks
How do rocks change form?
Heat, pressure, time
Is coal a rock even though it is organic?
Yes
What is magma?
liquid rock under the surface of the crust
What is the part of the earth that the crust moves on?
Mantle
What is the innermost part of the earth?
inner/outer core
How do scientists "see" beneath the earth's crust?
seismic waves
What is the outermost layer of the earth?
crust


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