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Why is Earth considered as a thermal engine?
Earth makes some of its own heat. The process of radioactive decay which emits heat energy prevents the Earth from completely cooling off
A more viscous (thick) magma will produce a more violent eruption. The viscosity of magma is controlled by what factors?
Temperature, Silica content, Volatiles/dissolved water
Name two examples of volatiles
H2O, CO2
What temperature and pressure conditions allow magma to form?
High/constant temp and decreased pressure conditions
Name three places where magma can form
Mid-ocean ridges, mantle plumes, subduction zones
Describe Bowen's reaction series
Bowen’s reaction series presents the order of crystal formation from magma as cooling occurs
How can density affect the flow of magma?
By density contrast. Density contrast describes how the magma is less dense than the surrounding rock.
What happens after magma is formed?
Magma rises and escapes as an intrusion or extrusion.
Enumerate three magma formation processes
Decompression melting, heat transfer melting, flux melting
Why do rocks undergo partial melting?
Partial melting takes place because rocks are not pure materials. As temperature rises, some minerals melt and others remain solid.
Enumerate the three heat transfer mechanisms that redistribute the internal heat of Earth
conduction, convection, radiation
What are two categories of the Earth's internal heat source?
Primordial Heat & Radioactive Heat