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Apologia Advanced Biology module 2
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What protein is found in all cartilage?
collagen
Do Amiotic cells have DNA
yes they do. Amitosis is a direct cell division in which the splitting of the nucleus is followed by cytoplasm constriction
What is this and where is it found? What is it's major function?
This is elastic cartilage. It can be found in the outer ear. It provides flexible support
Where will you find Hyaline cartilage?
the bridge of the nose, the costal cartilage of the ribs, and the caps on the bones of the joints.
What can columnar epithelial and cuboidal epithelial cells do that squamous epithelial cell can’t? And why?
Complex tasks,it has very little space for cellular machinery or protection, because it is thinner. Pretty much all can do is allow for diffusion.
identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
Adipose– insulation and bracing of organs, and energy storage. Found around organs (Kidneys) and under the skin
identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
Loose – deeper under the skin, light duty binding (skin to muscle)
identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
Dense irregular– under the skin, strength in all directions
identify the connective tissue proper in the picture, give location and the functions.
Dense regular – tendons and ligaments, tensile strength
Why is blood considered a connective tissue?
It fits the definition
What do all types of cartilage have in common?
Chondrocytes- cells that produce extra cellular materials
Name the 4 types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bones and blood.
What do the root words Mero, apo and holo mean?
Mero-part, apo-apex, holo-whole
What is the difference between a stromal cell and a parenchymal cell?
Stromal cells produce a framework for support. Parenchymal cells are the actual functioning cells in the tissue
An exocrine gland secretes a substance that has a lot of cellular material in it, what kind of gland is it?
Holocrine gland, whole disintegrating cells go into the secretions
How to endocrine glands work?
Endo(internal, within) these glands do not have ducts, they secrete directly into the blood stream through exocytosis.(hormones)
What is the difference between a stable cell and a permanent cell?
A stable does not usually undergo mitosis but it can.Healing is a long process. (tendons and ligaments) A permanent cells never undergo mitosis (cardiac muscle)
what is this called where would you find it and why?
Simple columnar Epithelium- stomach and intestine- complex absorption, secretion and protection
Where would you find this and why? What is it called?
Airways, it has goblet cells producing mucous and cilia to move the mucous carrying debris out of the body. Pseudostratified epithelium.
Which tissue makes up the bladder and why?
Stratified transitional epithelium E, it needs to stretch.
What happens at the basement membrane?
Nutrients diffuse across it to feed the cells. (basement membrane and above to the free surface are avascular)
What type of epithelial tissue is in blood vessels and deep in the lungs? Why?
Simple squamous, it is thin and nutrients can diffuse across it.
What does labile mean? And what is a labile cell?
Changeable, “liable to change; easily altered” A cell that can easily undergo mitosis
What is the Purpose and location of serous membranes?
lubrication of organs. Pleurisy: infection of the lining of the lungs. Causes friction, very painful, rubbing can be heard with a stethoscope.
What is Purpose and location of synovial membranes?
joints, lubrication, -it is a non-Newtonian fluid. What else reduces friction in joints? Hyaline cartilage.
What is the Purpose and location of mucous membranes?
1. Protection 2. Located in the airway, digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract. All systems that open to the outside of the body.
What type of tissue makes up membranes?
Both epithelial and connective.
What is the Extra cellular matrix?
The chemical substance located between connective tissue cells
What are Chondrocytes?
Chondro(cartilage) mature cartilage cells
What are Exocrine Glands?
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
What are Fibroblast?
spindle shaped cells that form connective tissue proper (once a fibroblast is completely surrounded by the matrix, it becomes a fibrocyte)
What are Permanent cells
cells that cannot undergo mitosis


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