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Pharmacology Chapter 11: Antianxiety Agents
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True/False: Psychological management must accompany the use of antianxiety agents
True
True/False: Anxiety can increase the pain threshold
False
What is a use for a muscle relaxant that is related to dentistry?
Treatment of temporormandibular disorder (TMD)
What hypnotic drug can be used in dentistry for a patient that has trouble falling asleep the night before a dental appointment?
Zolpidem
What is the naturally occurring hormone that is manufactured synthetically and used to treat insomnia?
Melatonin
Which sedative-hypnotic agent is called anxioselective and produces much less CNS depression?
Buspirone
What can occur with overdose of barbiturates?
Cardiovascular and respiratory depression
Which barbiturate agent is used in the treatment of epilepsy?
Phenobarbital
What are the two major uses for barbiturates?
Seizures and inducing general anesthesia
Which agents have completely replaced barbiturates in treating anxiety?
Benzodiazepines
Which agent is termed the "original sedative-hypnotic agent?"
Barbiturates
What major depressant should be avoided when taking benzodiazepines?
Alcohol
What are the four dental effects that can occur when taking benzodiazepines?
Xerostomia, increased salivation, swollen tongue, bitter or metallic taste
Side effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates are more likely to occur in _______ persons.
Elderly
Which two benzodiazepines are used to treat seizures?
Diazepam and Clonazepam
Benzodiazepines are metabolized in the?
Liver
Benzodiazepines rapid onset is related to its?
Lipid solubility
Benzodiazepines are well-absorbed when administered which way?
Orally
Benzodiazepines facilitate what type of transmission?
GABA-meditated
What are the most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs?
Benzodiazepines
Name 3 different examples of benzodiazepines
Alprazolam (Xanax), Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Diazepam (Valium), Lorazepam (Ativan), Midazolam (Versed), Triazolam (Halcion)
What are the two main types of sedative-hypnotic drugs?
Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates
What does the hypnotic dose do?
Induces sleep
What does the normal sedative dose do?
Reduces simple anxiety
What percent of people refuse to seek any dental care due to anxiety?
7%
What percent of people only go to the dentist when absolutely necessary?
20%


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