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True/Pure-breeding
Kind of breeding wherein the parents would produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype.
Selfing/Self-cross
Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant.
Reciprocal cross
A breeding experiment designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern.
Codominance
A form of inheritance where the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed. Neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele. (Re
Incomplete dominance
Lack of dominance in either of two different alleles, thus the organism's resulting physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles (Pink flower)
Selective breeding
Choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics.
Outbreeding
The mating of unrelated organisms. Gametes of different genotypes were bring together, and the resulting individual differs from the parents.
Inbreeding
The mating of individuals/organisms that are closely related (same ancestor), and maintains uniform genotypes.
Backcross
Mating between offsprings of genetically foreign parents with one of its parents or with an organism that is genetically similar to the parent.
Test-cross
Genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual with an organism of unkown genotype.
Law of Independent Assortment
The alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently, and each gene is not influenced by each other’s sorting.
Law of Segregation
Every diploid organism gives a randomly selected allele of a trait to its offspring, in which the offspring receives one allele from each parent.
Heterozygote
An organism that has heterozygous alleles (two diff alleles)
Homozygote
An organism that has homozygous alleles (two same alleles)
Recessive
A gene that can be masked by a dominant gene (only shown if there are no other dominant genes)
Dominant
A gene that is expressed in an organisms phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.
Genotype
Genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual that contributes to its trait or phenotype OR an entire set of genes
Phenotype
An individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type.
Allele
One of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a chromosome and control the same characteristic.
Gene
Basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Characteristic
A distinguishing quality, trait or feature of an individual, thing, disorder.


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