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apologia marine biology mod 16
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Why should pregnant women and small children avoid sea food such as sharks, swordfish and king mackerel?
these fish are at the top of the trophic pyramid, they would have the highest concentration of mercury;.
What do some unethical divers use cyanide and bleach for?
To stun and capture tropical fish, to sell to pet stores.
What is the technical term for excessive algal growth as a result of nutrient input?
Eutrophication
Give one direct effect and one indirect effect of dredging the entrance to a bay
Direct-tearing up the ecosystem of the floor of the ocean in the entrance, Indirect - cloudy water killing primary producers and clogging filter feeders
Is all pollution man made?
no, volcanos, forest fires, radon, salt spray, lightening strikes(gases)
Name a Chlorinated hydrocarbon
DDT, PCB, dioxins (p477)
What happened to sea birds (brown pelican) that showed that DDT was detrimental to the environment?
drastically reduced birth rate due to soft shells, and it interferes with reproductive enzymes.also effects the liver and nervous system
Is all the oil in the ocean caused by man?
no seeps allow oil to get into marine waters.
What are some of the bad effects of a large oil spill?
1. sea birds,2. filter feeding whales, 3. suffocating marine plants, 4.damage to airways of air breathing marine animals, 5. internal issues from ingesting.
Why is sanitizing sewage with chlorine bad?
The chlorine is toxic to many kinds of marine life.
What are fouling organisms?
unwanted organisms that attach themselves to solid surfaces. causing negative effects
What is bioaccumulation
The accumulation of non biodegradable fat soluble substances in one organism
describe Biomagnification
a small organism ingests a minute amount of toxin-many of these are eaten by a larger organism,increasing amounts in each trophic level
Why might marine biologist sink old cars on purpose?
to create new reefs, a hard substrate for corals to grow on
What caused this? What should we do to prevent this in the future?
the turtle got caught in a plastic ring when young. We can cut plastic rings that hold cans and bottles
Where does sludge come from?
treated and filtered sewage
Where can sludge be put, where it doesn't adversely affect the environment?
In swamps or marshes where there is already bacteria breaking down organic material.
Can coral recover from bleaching or is it dead?
zooxanthellae provide about 90% of a corals nutrition. they can survive and acquire another zooxanthellae
What causes coral bleaching?
most is caused by a temperature increase of 2 degrees F
What is coral bleaching?
When the zooxanthellae leave coral
New costal areas a cleared and farmed. the run off has high concentrations of fertilizer. How will this indirectly affect a near by coral reef?
it could cause an algal bloom which will block sunlight.
Where are scientists finding "garbage islands"
in the stable centers of gyres


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