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Chapter 11 - The Age of Jackson
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What does assimilate mean?
to adopt the culture or way of life of the nation in which one currently lives
What was the Indian Removal Act?
a law that ended the U.S. government’s earlier policy of respecting the rights of Native Americans to remain on their land
What is Indian Territory?
the area of land in present-day Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska to which Native Americans were forced to migrate
What is a truce?
an agreement to stop fighting
What was the Trail of Tears?
the route the Cherokees and other Native Americans took during their forced migration from the southeast United States to Oklahoma
What caused literacy to spread quickly among the Cherokee?
Sequoya developed a writing system and published a newspaper.
Where in Indian Territory were Native Americans forced to move to?
Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska
What advantage did the Seminole have when American soldiers attacked?
They lived in swamps with many hiding places.
After they were relocated, what caused the Sauk and Fox to rebel and return to Illinois?
They could not grow enough food.
How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court’s ruling against the Indian Removal Act?
He opposed it.
What was one challenge the Cherokee faced when they arrived in Indian Territory?
Native Americans already living there resented them.
What helped enable the Cherokee to resist relocation?
The Cherokee had achieved a level of literacy that enabled them to resist relocation by using the legal system.
What did the Indian Removal Act give the U.S. government the power to do?
take Native American land in southern states
What happened at the peace conference between the Seminole and the U.S. government in 1837?
U.S. soldiers took Osceola prisoner.
How did Chief John Ross hope to help the Cherokee stay on their land?
by negotiating a better treaty
Why did Jackson declare war on the Seminole in 1835?
The Seminole rejected a removal treaty
Why did the Whigs call President Tyler “His Accidency”?
Tyler became president “by accident,” as he was never elected to the office but moved into the position after President Harrison died.
Explain how Jackson’s war with the Second Bank led to the Panic of 1837.
1) Pet Banks lead to closure of 2nd Nat. Bank. 2) State banks loan too much $, creating inflation. 3) leads to the Panic of 1837
Why did the Whigs refer to President Jackson as “King Andrew”?
They believed he had too much power.
Why did the Whigs expel President Tyler from the party?
His views aligned with those of the Democrats.
Who proposed the American System to improve the economy?
Henry Clay
How did Jackson’s “pet banks” cause inflation?
They made it too easy to take out loans.
What is one reason Jackson wanted to get rid of the Second Bank?
He thought it had a monopoly over other banks.
Why was the Second Bank an important part of the nation’s prosperity?
It kept inflation down and provided loans.
How were the Tariff of 1828 and the doctrine of nullification related?
John Calhoun applied the doctrine of nullification to discourage South Carolina from leaving the Union over the Tariff of 1828.
How is Jackson’s spoils system similar to the “corrupt bargain” he believed led to his defeat in the election of 1824?
Both the “corrupt bargain” and Jackson’s spoils system offered government jobs to individuals in exchange for political support
Why did Jackson disagree with John C. Calhoun’s doctrine of nullification?
He did not believe states should stop the federal government from acting on the nation's behalf.
Why did manufacturers in the Northeast welcome tariffs on foreign goods?
Tariffs led to an increase in sales of local goods.
Why did Jackson’s critics believe his political appointments were corrupt?
They believed he was trying to increase his control of the government.
What was Jackson’s profession before winning a seat in Congress?
lawyer
How did the 1828 election differ from prior elections?
Candidates built excitement through slogans, speeches, and parades.
What was a major difference between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams?
Jackson represented western farmers, and Adams represented eastern businessmen.
Who was the Whig Party?
a political party formed to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson, who the party believed had exceeded his power as president
What is a depression?
a period of slow economic activity when many people are without work
What was the Panic of 1837?
the widespread fear of a failing economy that caused the beginning of a U.S. economic recession that lasted until 1840
What does veto mean?
to formally reject a decision or proposal made by a legislature
What is inflation?
a decrease in the value of money that causes an increase in the price of goods and services
What is treason?
the crime of aiding the enemy of one’s nation or plotting to overthrow one’s nation; being disloyal to one’s nation
What is secession?
the act of formally withdrawing from an organization, a nation, or any other group in order to be independent
What was the doctrine of nullification?
a doctrine that said a state could nullify, or reject, a federal law they feel is unconstitutional, held by some southern politician before the Civil War
What was the Tariff of Abominations?
the term used by southerners to refer to the Tariff of 1828 because it stirred feelings of disgust and hatred
What does agrarian mean?
related to agriculture or farming
What is the spoils system?
the practice of rewarding political backers with government jobs
What is Jacksonian Democracy?
a political movement that celebrated the common man and defended the will of the people, named for President Andrew Jackson
What are voting rights?
the laws that tell who can vote and when; the civil right to vote
What is a slogan?
a catchy phrase meant to attract and keep attention


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