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Finance concepts 101
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What is a stagflation?
Production slows down / stops (stagnates) while prices rise
What two factors were the predominant in the 1970’s stagflation?
Rising oil prices, die-off of Peruvian anchovies
Explain the problems of hyperinflation and deflation with the example of buying a new refrigerator.
Everybody buying as soon as possible / Nobody buying, biding their time
Which country had the largest ever hyperinflation and when?
Hungary, (1945-)1946
Which country had the largest ever denomination of currency issued? How did this country get out of hyperinflation?
Zimbabwe / gave up its currency
What caused the 1923 German hyperinflation?
To pay massive reparations to the Allies after World War I, Germany printed a lot of their currency
Alan Greenspan said about the bank bailout, "If they're too big to fail, …"
"... they're too big."
What is a perverse incentive?
When a policy ends up having a negative effect, opposite of what was intended
What did the US government do to stabilize the financial market in 2008?
Emergency loans to banks (bank bailout), stimulus package with tax cuts
What is a subprime mortgage?
Loans to people with low income and a poor credit history.
What is “to default/a default”?
When a borrower stops paying back what they owe.
What is a mortgage?
A loan with a house as collateral
What is common in bonds and stocks?
They are traded on markets
What is a stock/share?
A slice of ownership
What is a bond? (Keep it simple)
An IOU
What are the 3 main ways lenders and borrowers interact?
Bank deposits/loans, bonds, stocks
The Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman said, "The pieces of green paper have value because …
… everyone thinks they have value."
What is the gold standard?
Money is redeemable for a specific amount of gold; can't issue more money than gold reserves
How is Bitcoin different from other currencies?
No regulating country, more anonymous, speculative asset
Give 3 examples for money that’s not coins or banknotes
cigarettes, stamps, grain, shells, etc.
What are the 3 main purposes of money?
Medium of exchange/store of value/unit of account
What is a barter system?
Swap/exchange goods for goods