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Chapter 15- The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
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___________________ moves a segment from one chromosome to another
Translocation
___________ reverses orientation of a segment within a chromosome
Inversion
______________ repeats a segment of a chromosome
Duplication
____________ removes a chromosomal segment
Deletion
____________(4n) is four sets of chromosomes
Tetraploidy
______________ (3n) is three sets of chromosomes
Triploidy
__________________ is a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
Polyploidy
A ______________ zygote has three copies of a particular chromosome
trisomic
A ____________ zygote has only one copy of a particular chromosome
monosomic
_______________ results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred. Offspring with this condition have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome
Aneuploidy
In ____________________, pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis As a result, one gamete receives two of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy
nondisjunction
Genes that are far apart on the same chromosome can have a recombination frequency near ____
50%
A______ frequency of recombination is observed for any two genes on different chromosomes
50%
Offspring with nonparental phenotypes (new combinations of traits) are called
recombinant types, or recombinants
Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called ____________________
Linked Genes
Each chromosome has______________ or ___________ of genes (except the Y chromosome)
hundreds or thousands
In mammalian females, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly ____________during embryonic development
inactivated
X-linked recessive disorders are much more common in ______ than in _______.
males, females
What is a Barr body?
The inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a Barr body.
Give an example of an X-linked gene.
Color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Hemophilia
Genes found of the X chromosome.
X-linked genes
Sex-linked gene
A gene located on either sex chromosome.
Explain mutant phenotypes in a population.
Traits that are alternatives to the wild type suggesting mutations in the alleles over time.
Explain the wild type phentoype.
The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations.
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes. Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment


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