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Relative Clauses
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That's the student whose short story won first prize in a national writing competition. Defining or non-defining?
DEFINING (no commas)
The teacher that helped us was really kind. Can we omit THAT?
Nooo! There is not a subject following the relative pronoun, so THAT is the subject and we cannot omit it
Do you know the reason ___________ there are no penguins in the North Pole?
WHY
My grandfather remembers the time ___________ there was no television.
WHEN
Food ________ is imported from other countries is expensive.
THAT / WHICH
We use WHERE when the antecedent is a _________
PLACE
Can you omit the pronoun? She was dancing with a boy who had green hair.
Nooooo! who had...There is no subject before HAD, so who is the subject and we cannot omit it,
Can you omit the relative pronoun? He received a low mark for his essay, which was only one page long.
No way! Never omit relative pronouns in non-defining relative clauses
The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustav Eiffel, _______was a civil engineer by profession.
WHO
We use a defining relative clause to give important information about a noun. RIGHT or WRONG?
RIGHT
In non-defining relative clauses we use commas and give essential information. RIGHT or WRONG?
WRONG. We use commas, but we give extra, non-essential information.
The painting, that was finished in 1850, is one of the most representative works of that time. RIGHT or WRONG?
WRONG. In defining relative clauses we can omit WHICH/WHO/THAT when it is the object. A noun or a pronoun comes immediately after =Relative pronoun SUBJECT VERB
A waiter is a person ______ job is to serve customers in a restaurant.
WHOSE
I delivered the parcel to Charles, _________ gave it to Ann.
WHO
The driver, which car wasn't very fast, never won a race. RIGHT or WRONG?
WRONG--> WHOSE
Autumn is the time of year __________ the leaves fall off the trees.
WHEN
The mobile phone ____________ I want is very expensive
WHICH / THAT / ---
This is the town ___________ I lived when I was eight.
WHERE
Jenny is the person _________ has helped me the most.
WHO / THAT
That is the teacher ________ classes I like the most.
WHOSE
The friends ________ I made in primary school live near my house.
WHO / THAT /----


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