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Science-2-U GEOLOGY!
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What is a composite volcano?
These volcanoes emit both lava and solid materials but not at the same time. During one eruption it will emit lava and then at the next it will emit ashes and c
What is a cinder cone volcano?
These volcanoes emit mostly ash and cinders so they usually have steep slopes and they are not very large.
What is a shield volcano?
This type of volcano is built up from smooth flows of lava rather than violent explosions so it has a dome like shape.
What is a PARASITIC VENT on a volcano?
A parasitic vent is a secondary vent, usually coming out the side of a volcano.
What is it called when the magma flows though the rock layers that make up the volcano?
This is called a DIKE.
What is it called when the magma seeps into areas between layers of rock beneath the volcano?
This is known as a SILL.
What substances can come out of a volcano when it erupts?
lava, gases, ashes and cinders
What is the name of the volcano that erupted in Washington State in 1980?
Mount Saint Helens
Where does lava come from?
Lava is the magma that comes from the mantle of the earth.
What is the magma called after it rises from the earth's mantle and comes out of a volcano?
lava
What is a volcano?
A volcano is a land form built up by molten rock that has come to the earth’s surface through a vent.
Seismographs record the ____________ _____________ produced by earthquakes.
Shock waves
What is the name of the scale we use to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?
The Richter Scale
What is the name of the machine that measures the magnitude of an earthquake?
Seismograph
The strength of an earthquake is measured in ______________________.
Magnitude (using the richter scale)
The ____________ is the place on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
Epicenter
The place on a fault where movement occurs, usually far below the surface, is called the _______________.
Focus
How is a dome mountain formed?
Dome Mountains are formed from hot molten material (magma) rising from the Earth's mantle into the crust that pushes overlying sedimentary rock layers upward to
How is a fault-block mountain formed?
Fault-block mountains form when two tectonic plates slide vertically against each other.
How are Fold Mountains formed?
Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth's tectonic plates are pushed together.
What is a fault?
The place where the plates meet and crack are called faults.
What are continental plates?
Continental plates are pieces of the earth’s crust that are above magma.
What happens when 2 pieces of the earth's crust (plates) move apart?
Hot magma pushes up through the gap, cools and hardens. creating mountains or new ocean floor.
Describe the inner core of the earth's layers.
This is the very center of the earth and is basically an iron ball that is about 870 miles across (diameter). The temperature of the inner core is about 11,000
Describe the outer core of the earth's layers.
The outer core is about 1,240 miles thick and is made out of mostly liquid iron with some nickel and silicon. This section is also very, very hot!
What is magma?
This magma is very hot, melted rocks. Magma is what we call lava when it comes out of volcanoes!
Describe the MANTLE of the earth's layers.
The mantle is the layer below the crust.The rock in this layer is not hard, solid rock though. The mantle is like a thick, hot soup containing a mixture of rock
What do the tectonic plates float on?
The mantle
The crust is broken up into sections called ________________.
plates (tectonic plates)
Describe the earth's crust
The earth's crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is like a skin that covers the whole surface (even under the oceans). The crust is made of rock
Name the 4 layers of the earth
Crust, mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
What is GEOLOGY?
the study of the earth


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