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Mountains and Mountain Ranges
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What are a similarity and a difference between magma and lava?
Both magma and lava are molten rock but magma is underground and lava breaks through the Earth's surface.
How many percent of the world fresh water is supplied by mountains?
60-80%
What sorts of farming do people in mountains practice?
shifting cultivation, terraced fields, and migrating with grazing herds.
Why is it safe for indigenous people and ethnic minorities to live in mountains?
Because they are hard to cross, and sometimes even dangerous as they may be covered by snow, ice or glaciers.
How many percent of the world population live in mountain regions?
 
About 12%
 
About 20%
 
About 15%
 
About 10%
Why Australia could be hit by tsunami?
Because the continent of Australia is surrounded to the north and east by some 8000km of active tectonic plate boudaries.
As the tsunami waves travel towards land (decrease in depth), what happens?
The speed gets slower but the waves gets higher and closer
How fast do tsunami waves travel in the ocean, near the starting point?
 
970km per hour
 
9,970km per hour
 
97km per hour
 
9.7km per hour
Which area would the wavelength be longer? In the ocean or near the land?
In the ocean (30km approx.)
What is the definition of 'tsunami'?
Giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption under the sea
Whiere did the most powerful earthquake in history occur?
Chile (22 May 1960)
Give names of three scales used to measure the size of an earthquake.
The Richter, Mercalli and Moment Magnitude Scales
What is the difference between the Richter and Mercalli Scales?
While the Richter Scale measures seisomic waves, the Mercali Scale estimate the shaking intensity by observing the effects on people, objects and buildings
What is the con of the Richter Scale?
It cannot adequately show the magnitude and size when an earthquake is too big
What is 'epicentre'?
The point at ground level directly above the focus of an earthquake
What is the 'focus' of an earthquake?
The central point of the area over which fault movement occurred and caused the earthquake
What are 'seismic waves'?
vibrations in the earth that transmit energy and occur during earthquakes,volcanic eruptions or explosions
When do earthquake occur?
When the layers of rock fault near the plate boundaries suddenly moves
Where do erthquakes usually occur?
on or near tectonic plate boundaries
What is the name of the theory that proposes that about 225 million years ago all the continents were joint but gradually got drifted away?
 
The continental drift theory
 
The continent drifting theory
 
The continental drifting theory
 
The continents drifting theory
This type of mountain is called
Volcanic mountain
This type of mountain is called
Fault-block mountains
This type of mountain is called
Fold mountain
This type of mountain is called
Dome mountain
The area coloured in pink is called
The (Pacific) Ring of Fire
This diagram shows an example of a 



. boundary.
Transform
This diagram shows an example of a 



. boundary.
Divergent
This diagram shows a type of 



.. boundary.
Convergent
This diagram shows a 


. boundary.
Convergent
Which part of a mountain can you find moss and lichens?
The area close to the peak of the mountain
For every 100 metre you climb, the temperature drops by
0.65 °C
Mountains cover _______ of the Earth’s total land areas.
a quarter
What is the name of the biggest mountain ranges in Australia?
The Great Dividing Range
What is the name of the super continent in the continental drift theory?
Pangea
Continental currents can move the plates by up to ___ centimetres per year.
15
The heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle is called
Convection currents
semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust is called
magma
The individual moving pieces of the Earth’s crust are called
continental plates
Mountains and mountain ranges have formed over billions of years from
 
Tectonic activity
 
The rotation of the Earth
 
Volcanic eruptions
What is the vegetation type in the bottom area of a mountain?
a thick rainforest
It is usually colder at the top of a mountain than at the bottom, because
 
The air becomes thinner and is less able to hold heat.
 
It snows a lot at the top.
 
It is too far from the sea.
 
It is close to the space.
There are thousands of mountains in mainland Australia. True or False?
True
Mount Kosciuszko is located in
 
New South Wales
 
Victoria
 
Queensland
 
Western Australia
Mountains are found in ______ of all the world’s countries.
 
three-quarters
 
two-thirds
 
one-fifth
 
one-third
Mountains are found on every continent. True or False?
True
How many mountains are there in the world?
 
more than one million
 
more than ten million
 
more than one hundred million
 
more than one billion
The tallest mountain from base to peak is
Mauna Kea
The altitude of Mt Everest above mean sea level is
 
8,848 metres
 
7,748 metres
 
4,484 metres
 
8, 488 metres
The Alps is located in South America. True or False?
False
Which is the definition of a mountain?
 
a landform that rises 300m + above its surrounding area
 
a landform which is higher than its surrounding area
 
a landform that rises 200m + above its surrounding area
 
a landform which is lower than its surrounding area
A peak of a mountain is called
A summit
Steep valleys  between  mountains located very close to each other are called
Gorges
In which mountain range is Mt. Everest located?
 
The Himalayas
 
The Great Dividung Range
 
The Alps
 
The Atlas
The highest mountain in Australia is
 
Mount Kosciuszko
 
Blue mountains
 
Snowy mountains
 
Mount Kembla