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Chapter 9 Microbial Genetics
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The middle step of transcription and translation is
elongation.
Transcription and translation end with
termination.
Transcription and translation start with
initiation.
Tertiary and quartenary structure on a protein determine its
shape/structure.
If a protein loses its structure, it is
denatured.
A protein's structure determines its
function.
Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of a protein's ______ structure.
secondary
The string of amino acids in a polypeptide is its _____ structure.
primary
Translation of proteins requires ___RNA, ___RNA, and ribosomes made with ___RNA.
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
The three nucleotide code that determines the amino acid is
the codon.
rRNA stands for
ribosomal RNA
_____ are made in the nucleolus of eukaryotes.
Ribosomes
________ interprets mRNA into proteins.
Translation
_______ RNA encodes a gene's information.
messenger RNA or mRNA
Transcription reads ___ into ___.
DNA into RNA
The study of the entire set of genetic material is
genomics.
The expression of traits is an organism's
phenotype.
The genetic makeup of an organism is its
genotype.
The ends of eukaryotic DNA contain ____, which are lost with age.
telomeres.
Prokaryotic DNA is
circular.
The leading strand is made
continuously.
The discontinuous strand is called the
lagging strand.
The enzyme that seals together pieces of DNA is
DNA ligase.
DNA helicase
unzips your genes.
DNA polymerase makes new DNA in a ___ to ___ direction.
5' -> 3'
When DNA is replication, parent strands are used as templates for making new strands, so this is considered
semiconservative.
dsDNA strands run in opposite directions making them
antiparallel.
Purines base pair with
pyrimidines.
___ and ___ are purines.
Adenine and Guanine
DNA is comprised of a ____ and ____ backbone.
sugar and phosphate


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