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P100 Chapter 13
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What is one area that often uses restorative justice?
Juvenile justice/courts
What is restorative justice?
View incarceration as harmful, heal community, bring peace to the victim, treat the offender. Avoids stigmatizing the offender after their release
T/F: Intermediate sanctions are less expensive than traditional probation and have more positive results regarding recidivism as well
False; mixed results with recidivism & can be more expensive too
Describe what intermediate sanctions are; give some examples
Less restrictive than incarceration, harsher than probation. Exs: house arrest, electronic monitoring, community service, etc.
Who works on the "front end" of the criminal justice system since they divert offenders away from jail & prison? In contrast, who works on the "back end" to prevent/reduce recidivism?
Probation officers - parole officers
T/F: Recidivism occurs more often with mandatory release individuals than those on probation/parole
True
What is recidivism?
Re-arrest, re-conviction, returning to prison, or committing a new crime after being sanctioned previously
What is discretionary release?
An inmate is released earlier than the end of their sentence, but they are supervised
About 1/3 of probationers return to prison due to _______ violations
Technical
Approximately how many people are on probation? 1, 2, 3, or 4 million?
4 million people are on probation
Who created the system of parole?
Manonochie
Who created the system of probation?
Augustus
T/F: More people are on parole than are on probation
False
T/F: Generally, the more heinous and serious a crime is, the more money it will cost in order to punish the individual
True
What is the RNR model? What does it do?
Risk, needs, & responsivity- used as a way to help the offenders become better people
T/F: Community corrections are more expensive than institutional corrections
False