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IGCSE Chem 2
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Name the three sub-atomic particles and their charges
Protons (+) electrons (-), neutrons (no charge)
how many electrons can the first electron shell hold?
2
What is an isotope
atom with a different amount of neutrons
Which sub-atomic particle has the smallest mass
electron
What particles make up the mass of an atom
protons and neutrons
Is melting endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic. Heat is taken in. Amount of heat in the substance increases
Which state of matter has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
Liquid
Which gas diffuses faster ammonia or hydrogen chloride?
Ammonia, less molecular mass
Which gas diffuses the fastest?
Hydrogen (least atomic mass)
is freezing endothermic or exothermic
Exothermic, energy is given out
Which state of mater has the most intermolecular space
gas
In what state of matter do you see lattices?
Solids
Whats the difference between synthesis and decomposition
Substance formed = synthesis, substance broken down = decomposition
Is H2O a compound or an element
Compound
Is H2 a compound or an element
Element
What affect does an impurity have on boiling point and melting point
Lowers melting point, raises boiling point
At what temperature does water vapor become water?
100 degrees C. Same temp that water becomes water vapor bp=cp
At what temperature does water become ice?
0 degrees C, it is the same temperature ice becomes water. (mp = fp)
What affect does a decrease in pressure have on the volatility of a liquid?
Increase. If you decrease the pressure (on a mountain top) that decreases the boiling point (boils easier) a volatile liquid is one the has a low boiling point.
How does an increase in pressure affect boiling point?
Directly related. An increase in pressure= an increase in boiling point
What is meant by a volatile liquid?
It has a low boiling point, it easily condenses
How does surface area affect rate of evaporation?
Greater surface area faster the rate of evaporation
Is evaporation or condensation endothermic?
Evaporation. Heat is added to turn a liquid to a gas, heat is removed to turn a gas into a liquid = condensation (exothermic)
Which state(s) are considered fluids?
Liquids and gases
What is sublimation?
When a liquid turns directly into a gas without first becoming a liquid
Are boiling point and condensing point the same?
Yes
Are melting point and freezing point the same?
Yes
What is freezing point?
When a substance changes from liquid to solid
What is melting point?
When a substance changes from solid to liquid
what are the three states of matter
solid, liquid, gas


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