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Foundations of Government
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This man coined what term/phrase that forms the foundation of the American Government?
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
The US revolution gave inspiration to what major revolution a few years later?
French
who was the first signee of the Declaration of Independence?
John Hancock
Give 3 of the major grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence
quartering of troops, taxes, no trade, cruel punishment, etc
What is an unalienable right?
one that can never be taken away
Give the 5 main parts of the Declaration of Independence.
Intro, Preamble, Grievances, Resolution
Who wrote the Declaration of Independance?
Thomas Jefferson
what is the Enlightenment?
Period of time where major political ideas we use today were shaped
Who established the original idea of a social contract theory
Thomas Hobbes
What did the English Bill of Right establish?
The document prohibited a standing army during peacetime, unless Parliament gives consent and required that all parliamentary elections be free
What is the "Divine Right" theory?
Monarchs were ordained by God to by rulers
How was King Charles forced to sign the Petition of Right?
He asked for money and parliament said no unless he gave away some of his power
what does majority rule with minority rights mean?
Ruled by the majority but the rights of the minority are equally protected
Who has the power in a representative democracy?
representatives chosen by the people
Town hall meetings in colonial America are an example of what type of democracy?
Direct
where does direct democracy work best?
smaller communities
give the two types of democracy and define them both
direct and representative
What is one key thing a successful democracy relies on?
free enterprise
Name 2 requirements for Presidential Democracy.
President is leader, executive and legislative branches are separate
Name the 2 requirements for a Parliamentary democracy.
executive and legislative branch are one, prime minister elected from legislative branch
what is a limited government?
Restraints upon power and authority of government, people have power
what is a democratic government?
one ruled by many (the people)
what is an authoritarian government?
government ruled absolute by one group or person (no voice by the people)
define oligarchic governement
ruled by an elite few
define autocratic government
ruled by one person (dictator of monarch)
What is a federal system?
central and regional governments share powers
What is a confederal system?
an alliance of independent states, power concentrated in local governments
What is a Unitary system?
Power is concentrated in a central government
What are the 4 roles of a Government?
Maintain social order, Provide Public Services, Handle international relations, Make economic decisions
Define sovereign
one does not answer to another country, they have autonomy
Population is...
People of a state
The Petition of Right has what 3 parts?
martial law during peace, no imprisonment without cause, and no quartering of soldiers
Who give the government the right to exist?
the people
Legislative, Executive, Judicial- has specific powers the other branches do not have. This is called...
Separation of powers
The concept of a social contract states that people have
the natural right to replace leaders if they fail to lead as the people desire
One way that the English Bill of Rights limited the power of the monarch
the monarch could not levy taxes
Who proposed that dividing the government into three branches?
Montesquieu
The ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from the.....
Enlightenment
Thomas Jefferson incorporated the Enlightenment into the Declaration of Independence using the philosophies of whom?
John Locke and Montesquieu
Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of...
separation and balance of governmental power
"unalienable rights" are specifically mentioned in the....
Preamble of the Declaration of Independence
Ideas of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” first appeared where?
The Declaration of Independence (Life, Liberty, and Property is John Locke)
What was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?
belief in the natural rights of citizens
The Magna Carta (1215) & English Bill of Rights both reinforced the concept of
Limiting the power of the monarchy


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