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The Law and Individual Rights
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What is the purpose of the juvenile justice system?
Rehabilitation
A serious crime that carries a punishment of with than a year in prison to death penalty.
Felonies
A court order to appear in court and give testimony
Subpoena
Who has the burden of proof in a civil case
The plaintiff
A notification that a person is being sued.
Summons
Who determines punishment in a criminal case?
The Judge
When a convicted persons sentence is postponed and they are allowed to leave jail as long as they follow certain guidelines.
Parole / Probation
When the judge has little choice in the penalty he must give a convicted person.
Mandatory Sentencing
Who is the prosecution in a criminal trial?
The State
The United States leads the world in this category of criminal justice.
Incarceration
The Supreme Court determined in the case In re Gault that when charged with a crime ____________________ have due process rights.
Due Process
In Obergefell v Hodges the Supreme Court ruled that laws banning _______ were a violation of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.
Same Sex Marriage
In what Supreme Court decision did the court rule that racial quotas were unconstitutional but that race could be used as one of a number of factors in determining admissions?
University of California v Bakke
In Reed v Reed, the Supreme Court ruled that an Idaho law giving preference to ______ in awarding administration of an estate was a violation of the equal protection clause.
Males / Men
In Loving v Virginia the Supreme Court said said that banning interracial marriages unconstitutional because of the ______ clause of the 14th Amendment.
Equal Protection
What landmark Supreme Court decision overturn the precedent established in Plessy v Ferguson?
Brown v Board of Education
What precedent was established the the landmark Supreme Court Case of Plessy v Ferguson?
Separate but Equal / Segregation OK
The US Supreme Court ruled the Civil Rights Acts of 1875, which barred certain discriminatory practices unconstitutional because the 14th Amendment was established to banned certain state activities and not those of _______.
Private individuals
What is the last court of appeals in the appellate process.
US Supreme Court
What are three similarities that juvenile courts have with adult courts?
right to attorney, to confront witnesses, to be told of charges, to remain silent, to bring own witnesses
The reason that juveniles are not fingerprinted and do not have public trials is ....
Their record is expunged (deleted) after sentence is served
When the Supreme Court uses its power of Judicial Review, what type of law are they ruling on?
Constitutional Law
The birth of the fight for equal treatment by what part of society is said to have started with the Stonewall Inn in NY City?
LGBTQ+
To push individuals or groups to the edges of society, to treat them as insignificant is called _______.
Marginalized
What are two reasons critics argue the US needs prison reform?
No 1 incarceration rate, prison overcrowding, mandatory sentencing, racism in system
What is one way individuals can fight for their rights besides protesting.
The Courts, Vote, Speak with Representatives, petition
When you are arrested for a crime you are entitled to your _________ warnings.
Miranda
Prevents the government from continually trying a case until they get a jury that gives a guilty verdict.
Double Jeapardy
What are two ways individuals may be discriminated in the work place.
Pay, Promotions, Hiring, Benefits
In Roper v Simmons the Supreme Court determined that _______ could not receive the death penalty.
Juveniles
One difference between juvenile and adult trials is the absence of this.
Jury / Public
What are two of the four purposes for sentencing people for crimes.
Rehabilitation, Deterrence, Incapacitation, Punishment
In a criminal court who brings the charges against an individual.
The government
Defendant is told of the charges and makes a plea the charges during the _______.
Arraignment
In the late 1960's Native Americans occupied this government facility to bring attention to discrimination and poor treatment.
Alcatraz
To be told of the charges against you is your right to ____________________.
Habeas Corpus
When a person is notified that they are being sued and need to appear in court
Summons
Civil law dealing the negligence or carelessness
Tort Law
In a civil case the burden of proof is said to be 'a feather +50%, called a ________.
Preponderance of Evidence
Jerry Gualt was a 15 year old sentenced to 6 years in juvenile detention for a prank phone call. The Supreme Court threw out the sentence saying that juveniles have ______ rights as well as adults
Due Process
Running away from home, truancy, violating curfew, are all _______ offenses that apply only to juveniles.
Status
The purpose of this branch of law is to settle disputes between groups and individuals peacefully.
Civil Law
The characteristics of a good law include reasonableness, enforceability, it is understandable, and it is ________.
fair / equitable
To deny a certain group of individuals a right or privilege that other citizens have, especially the right to vote is called .....
Disenfranchisement
The Equal Pay Act (1963) banned pay discrimination against _____ who perform substantially equal work in the same establishment
Women
The transportation department requiring individuals to have their drivers license on hand when driving is an example of _______ law.
Administrative
Laws that are made by legislatures are called. ____________________.
Statutory laws
In the US individuals are considered "_______________________" when charged with a crime.
Innocent until proven guilty
The 14th Amendment ensures that every citizen is entitled to _________ of law.
Due Process
This building was occupied by Native Americans in the late 1960's to protest discrimination.
Alcatraz
When a serious crime is being considered a ____________ will look at evidence and determine is enough exists to formally charge.
Grand Jury
A jury votes to acquit an individual, meaning .....
Innocent
Has the burden of proof in a criminal trial
Prosecution / Government
To formally charge an individual with a crime
Indictment
A plea made in a criminal trial, not a guilty plea, but a statement that the accused feels the evidence is too strong to beat.
No Contest
The _____ Amendment nationalized the Bill of Rights, making due process protections apply to state laws as well
14th
The courts used this power to determine that laws banning same sex unions were illegal.
Judicial Review


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