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Genetics Unit 3
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Different forms of a GENE.
allele
Segments of DNA are called?
genes
A form of genetic engineering is cloning...how much genetic material is in the original and the clone.
EXACT same
Name 2 advantages to asexual reproduction.
fast process, no mate needed, reproduce more often, easy
List 1 disadvantage to sexual reproduction.
slow process, must find a mate, longer for birth of offspring, reproduce less often
How do we get the greatest genetic diversity or variations?
Through sexual reproduction- a combination of genes from Mom & Dad; we do NOT all look alike
Written with lowercase letters
recessive traits
Written with capital letters
dominant traits
What did we learn from Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants specifically...
tall stem length pea plants were dominant and hide short recessive pea plant stem length
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Give the example of a genotype for a hybrid organism using the letter "R".
Rr
How can 2 parents that show the dominant traits have offspring with the recessive trait (example: eye color- parents phenotype brown eyes)
Both parents must be carriers (Bb x Bb); heterozygous for there to be a 25% chance of the offspring having blue eyes (phenotype)
Using the letter "L", what is the genotype of a recessive organism?
ll
Give an example of the possible genotypes for a dominant organism using the letter B.
BB, Bb
Physical appearance of an organism.
phenotype
Define selective breeding...purpose and who is in control. Give an example.
Selective breeding- humans are choosing the traits that they desire to see in the offspring of an organism. (Purebred dogs)
What is the phenotype of a parent that is hybrid when brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes?
Brown eyes (capital letter is present Bb- see the dominant trait)
List the 3 possible genotypes. (Use the letter T) (in order)
TT, Tt, tt
Explain why a child may look more like one parent over the other.
One parents may possess the majority of the dominant traits. Therefore you are more likely to favor that parent.
An example of genetic engineering...
selective breeding (artificial selection)
Always shows up when present.
dominant traits
The passing of traits from parent to offspring through sexual reproduction is...
heredity
Two different alleles for a gene means...
heterozygous
How many chromosomes do you inherit from each parent?
23; 46 total; 1/2 from Mom and 1/2 from Dad
Where is your genetic material found?
inside the nucleus of your cells; your unique DNA
Genes are located...
on chromosomes
What is another name for homozygous?
purebred; true bred
Features influenced by the environment, choices you make, scars from injuries, things you learn, habits you develop over your life time.
acquired traits
Another name for heterozygous.
hybrid; carrier
Natural traits that you are born with; passed fown from your parents and are coded for in your DNA.
inherited traits
Genetic makeup
genotype


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