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ESCIENCE 10 - FIRST QUARTER REVIEW
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What is the reason why the Continental Drift was rejected?
Because Wegener cannot explain the mechanism why plates are drifting
What are the evidence of Plate Tectonic Theory?
(1) Age of crustal materials (2) Fossil Evidences (3) Volcanism and seismicity (4) Hotspots (5) Geodesy
Why is the Plate Tectonic Theory considered as the unifying theory?
Because it encompasses the concept of continental drifting with the help of seafloor spreading evidence
What is the difference between a Mantle Plume and a Hotspot?
Mantleplumes are the upwelling of hot rock that triggers partial melting while hotspots are the surface manifestation of mantle plumes.
What was the main goal of ocean drilling?
To prove that seafloor spreading is occuring by establish the ages of rock samples gathered across the ocean floor
What was the argument of scientists against the evidence of fossils matching across the seas?
Rafting, Transoceanic land bridges and island stepping stones can possibly explain the migrations
What fossilized ferns were found in all of the southern continents that support the concept of continental drift?
Glossopteris Fern
What continents are included in the Gondwanaland?
South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia
Which part of the Philippine Archipelago was almost stationary throughout the formation of the Philippine Islands?
Palawan Microcontinental Block
It is a complex portion of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Philippine Sea plate.
Philippine Mobile Belt
These boundaries are considered conservative margins.
Transform Plate boundaries
What is seafloor spreading?
Occurs in divergent boundaries where new oceanfloor is generated through the help of mantle convection
How do divergent boundaries move?
They move through mantle convection and lateral flow of magma underneath the plates
What geographic formation results from a continental-continental convergence?
Mountain Ranges
How do island arcs form?
They are formed when an older oceanic plate subducts under a younger oceanic plate
What happens during oceanic-continental convergence?
The oceanic plate subducts and the continental plate overrides forming Volcanic arcs
What happens in a transform plate boundary?
Shear stress occurs causing two plates to slide past each other, producing fault zones
What geographic landforms are associated with Convergent Plate Boundaries?
Deep-ocean trenches, Mountain ranges
What type of stress is exhibited by divergent plate boundaries?
Tensional Stress
What is the difference in the behavior of P-waves and S-waves based on how they travel on the earth's interior?
P-waves can travel in all layers while S-waves can only travel through the mantle
How do P-waves travel through the earth's interior?
It can pass through both mantle and core but slowed and refracted due to the difference of densities
A type of division of earth's layers based on physical and behavioral properties
Mechanical Layers
What is the difference between oceanic and continental lithosphere based on composition?
Oceanic - mafic and ultramafic, Continental - granitic, sedimentary and metamorphic
What are the evidences proving that the lithosphere is divided into plates?
(1) location of earthquake epicenters and (2) distribution of active volcanoes and mountain ranges
An earthquake belt that is characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Also considered as the zone of greatest seismic activity.
Circum-Pacific Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire
Why is it important to have at least three seismic data for triangulation?
To locate the point of intersection that is the epicenter of the earthquake
What are the four phases involved in the Elastic Rebound Theory?
(1) Original Position (2) Buildup of Strain (3) Slippage (rupture) (4) Strain released
What is the difference between the two types of seismic waves?
Body waves travel through the interior of the earth (high frequency) while surface waves travel only through the crust.


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