Neurons, Neural Firing, Nervous and Endocrine Systems, Scans | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

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this scan detects magnetic changes in blood flow patterns and is useful for detecting changes in activation of different brain centers

fMRI

This scan exposes the brain to a magnetic field and measures radiofrequency of waves

MRI

These scans create a 3D image of internal organs, soft tissue, etc. using multiple images

CT scan

This type of scan is used primarily in sleep studies and measures electrical activity in the brain

EEG

This type of scan uses radioactive glucose to show what parts of the brain are being stimulated

PET scan

These primarily produce testosterone, but also low levels of estrogen

Testes

These produce estrogen primarily, but also progesterone and testosterone

Ovaries

This gland stimulates the release of sugar into our blood streams

Pancreas

These gland release adrenaline during fight or flight situations

Adrenal

this gland regulates "T" cells for the immune system

Thymus

This gland regulates metabolism through the hormone thyroxin

Thyroid

This gland regulates calcium in the human body

Parathyroid

Circadian rhythms are regulated by this gland; it secretes melatonin

Pineal gland

This part of the brain is involved with thirst, hunger, and body temperature.

Hypothalamus

What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?

rest and digest

another name for the sympathetic nervous system is

fight or flight

What two parts is the autonomic nervous broken down into?

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What part of the PNS is responsible for voluntary muscle movements?

somatic

What part of the PNS is responsible for automatic functions like breath and reflexes?

autonomic

What two parts is the Peripheral Nervous System broken down into?

autonomic and somatic

The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of

everything else

the Central Nervous System is made up of

brain and spinal cord

these carry messages from the spinal cord to the glands, muscles, organs, etc

Efferent/motor neurons

these carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord

Afferent/sensory neurons

this is the master gland that runs all of the others

Pituitary

these neurotransmitters is to arousal and excitement; specifically during stress

Epinephrine/norepinephrine

this neurotransmitter is linked to calming and relaxation

GABA

this neurotransmitter is primarily linked to mood

Serotonin

this neurotransmitter is primarily linked to learning; Parkinson's and schizophrenia are linked

Dopamine

this neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for muscle contraction

Acetylcholine

these are drugs that block neurotransmitters

antagonists

these are drugs that mimic the effect of neurotransmitter

agonists

these types of neurotransmitters make threshold more likely and thus reach action potential

excitatory

these types of neurotransmitters make threshold more difficult and thus less likely to reach action potential

inhibitory

this is phenomenon is referred to as ____ and ____ because specific neurotransmitters only fit into specific receptor sites

Lock and Key

the resting period after a neuron has fired is called

refractory period

this is the process by which unused neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the original neuron

reuptake

What two things determine the strength of neuron firing?

how many times it fires and how fast it can complete its refractory period

a neuron either fires or it doesn't; this process is called

All-or-None Respose

when a neuron reaches a threshold of depolarization is allows the neuron to fire, the firing of the neuron is called

Action Potential

this is the process by which sodium ions travel into the neuron and potassium flows out

depolarization

the space between two neurons (terminal button and dendrites) is called

synapse

electrical signals are turned into chemicals that are passed to the next neuron called

neurotransmitters

these are sacs filled with neurotransmitters

terminal vesicles

these are where the terminal vesicles are stored

terminal buttons

these act like cell phone towers allowing the signal to travel more quickly down the axon

Nodes of Ranvier

these create the myelin

Schwann cells

this is the fatty substance around the axon that protects it

myelin

this is the part of the dendrite that receives signals

receptor sites

this is the part of the neuron that the signal travels down

axon

this is also called the cell body

soma

this part of a neuron receives messages

dendrites

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