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History 6 - final test prep
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What do you know about Alexander the Great?
Philip II's son, Macedonian king, large empire (on three continents), cities named after him, built the library...
Who was Pericles?
Athenian politician and general, supported democracy, art, thinkers, widows, orphans...
What Egyptian gods do you know?
Osiris (underworld), Re (sun and creator), Anubis (death, rebirth), Isis (women and children), Horus (protector of pharaohs)...
Who was Aristophanes?
a playwright
What is interesting/unusual about ancient Egyptian paintings?
human figure was from the front view but the head from profile
Who were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle?
philosophers
What do you know about Egyptian writing?
they used hyerogyphs
What caste (varna) did a street sweeper belong to ancient India?
Dalits
Which of the Greek columns was the most decorated?
Corinthian
What did a shaduf serve for?
to take water from the river
What caste (varna) did a king belong to ancient India?
Kshatriyas
What was the result of the Peloponnesian Wars?
Athenians were starved and made to sign peace with hard conditions (keep 12 ships only, remove fortif., dissolve their navy league)
What is a sarcophagus?
a box-like funeral container for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried
What caste (varna) did warriors belong to ancient India?
Kshatriyas
What was the last battle of the Peloponnesian Wars?
battle of Aegospotami
Where did the ordinary people live in ancient Egypt?
sun-dried mud, layer of plaster, square design, terrace, flat roof...
What caste (varna) did priests belong to ancient India?
Brahmins
What disease did the Greeks suffer from during the first phase of the Peloponnesian Wars?
black plague spread by the rat fleas
What is a canopic jar?
a jar for organs of a dead man (lungs, liver, intestines and stomach)
What caste (varna) did servants belong to ancient India?
Sudras
What do you know about the Spartan army?
very good infantry, soldiers trained from childhood, warlike city-state
Why was the Nile considered to be “a river of life”?
cause only thanks to the Nile people could grow crops, had enough water to keep cattle, to stay alive
What caste (varna) did merchants belong to in ancient India?
Vaisyas
What do you know about the Athenian army?
the most powerful polis, very strong navy, but it was rather a cultural city - center of education, philosophy, science, art, architecture...
Which river flows through Egypt?
the Nile
What Indian castes (varnas) do you know?
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, Dalits
What was a “phalanx”?
a rectangular formation of hoplites with spears and shields
Who was a scribe?
the one who could write (usually business, judicial, and historical records for kings, nobles, temples, and cities)
What are the Vedas?
sacred texts of the Hindus
Who were “hoplites”?
citizen-soldiers of Ancient Greek city-states who were primarily armed with spears and shields
Who was a vizier?
the highest official, pharaoh's advisor, the highest minister
What people do believe that you can get to a higher class of society in the next life if you behave properly in this one?
the Hindus
How come that the Greeks defeated the Persians even if the Persians had many more soldiers?
navy battles and good strategy on land
What pharaohs do you know?
Tut, Hatshepsut, Ahmose, Ramesses, Nefertiti, Cleopatra...
Who was Buddha?
a real person in history - a prince who became a monk and became enlightened
What battles of the Persian Wars did the Greeks win?
at Marathon and Salamis
What tribe did conquer half of Egypt in about 1700 BC (Middle Kingdom)?
the Hyksos
What Indian religion worships many gods?
Hinduism
Where did the three famous battles take place during the Persian Wars?
Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis
Where were the most significant pyramids built?
Giza
What is the difference between Buddhism and Hinduism?
there are many... gods x afterlife x Vedas/Buddha's writing...
What were the most powerful city states in Archaic Greece?
Athens and Sparta
How were the poor mummified?
the bodies were dried out on the sun in the desert
What two world religions were founded in ancient India?
Buddhism and Hinduism
What rights did citizens of polis have in Archaic Greece?
to vote, to be voted, to take part in "parliament", to own property and land
Why were pharaohs being mummified?
to preserve their body and have enough of food and treasure for the AFTERLIFE
Why did king Ashoka become so popular among Indian people?
cause he turned to Buddhism, felt sorry for what he did and tried to fix it - rebuilt towns, built hospitals, places to meditate...
What was “polis”?
a city-state
Describe the process of mummification.
purify the body (Nile watwer), brain out, organs to canopics, heart left, sawdust, oil, bandages, prayers, sarcophagus
What is the name of the famous Indian king who led bloody wars and conquered neighbouring kingdoms (for ex. Kalinga) around 300 BC?
Ashoka
Why are the Greek Dark Ages called “dark”?
lost of knowledge of writing, practical skills (pottery), famine, fight for food, poverty
What was the function of pyramids?
tombs of pharaohs
Who are the original inhabitants of India (those who conquered India around 1500 BC)?
the Aryans
What does the legend say about the Trojan War?
beautiful Helen, Paris, revenge, Trojan horse...
What do we call a winged monster having a woman's head and a lion's body?
Sphinx
What animals were kept in ancient India?
horses, sheep, cows
What was the cause of the end of the Minoan civilization?
natural disasters, conquest by the Achaeans
What do we call the biggest pyramid in Egypt?
the Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu's, Cheop's)
What crops were grown in ancient India?
cereals, sesami, cotton, rice, legumes
What does the legend say about Theseus and Minotaur?
monster in the labyrinth, hero who killed him, princess gave him a thread...
Whose tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter?
Tutankhamun's
What are the names of the first two developed Indian cities?
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Where did the Minoan civilization develop?
on Crete
Who was Howard Carter?
An archeologist who discovered the tomb of Tut...
What do we call the area where the first Indian civilization developed?
The Indus Valley