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2 ways water is returned to the atmosphere
transpiration and evaporation
this is the ___________ cycle
Carbon
Symbiotic relationship- species compete for resources in an ecosystem.
Competition
Symbiotic relationship- both organisms benefits
mutualism
Symbiotic relationship- one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
commensalism
Symbiotic relationship- one organism benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
Symbiotic relationship- when one organism kills another for food
Predation
Changes that are slow and steady over a long period of time.
gradualism
Structures that an organism no longer needs or uses.
Vestigial structures
Shared structures among 2 or more organism that suggest a common ancestor.
homologous structure
This is an example of which type of pedigree chart?
recessive
The second layer is called this
primary consumer
The bottom layer is considered this
producer
This is an example of a
hypertonic cell
This is an example of a
hypotonic cell
Give an example of a homozygous dominant genotype.
AA
Give an example of a homozygous recessive genotype.
aa
Give an example of a heterozygous genotype
Hh
DNA replication takes place in the _______
nucleus
Translate TAC CAT GGC
AUG GUA CCG
A nucleotide is swapped for a different one (type of mutation)
Point-Substiution
A nucleotide is deleted from a sequence (type of mutation)
Framshift-deletion
A nucleotide is randomly added to a sequence. (type of mutation)
insertion -Framshift
Proteins are created from RNA during this process.
Translation
RNA is created from DNA in this process.
transcription
Enzyme responsible for unzipping DNA
helicase
Cytosine will pair with _________ in DNA and RNA
Guanine
Adenine will pair with _______ in mRNA
Uracil
Adenine will pair with ______ in DNA
thymine
Anaerobic respiration does not require this?
oxygen
DNA replication occurs during which phase?
S-phase
Two differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is double helix, A bonds to U in RNA
What is the correct order mitosis?
PMAT
What is the job of ribosomes?
make proteins
what are the reactants of cellular respiration?
oxygen and sugar
what are the products of cellular respiration?
CO2 and water
what are the reactants of photosynthesis?
CO2 and water
What are the products of photosythesis?
sugar and oxygen
What 3 things affect photosythesis?
light intensity, amount of CO2, temperature.
Organisms that make their own food are called?
autotrophs
How to consumers get their energy?
eating other organisms.
Main source of energy comes from?
the sun
Enzyme active site gets deformed and loses its shape.
denaturation
What is uncontrolled cell growth?
Cancer
End result of mitosis.
Identical daughter cells
Purpose of mitosis? (2 things)
growth and repair
What are undifferentiated cells that can become specialized cells?
Stem Cells
When the water concentration inside the cell is the same as outside the cell.
isotonic solution
How much energy is used in passive transport?
none
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (sugars)
What is the job of the cell wall? (2 things)
protect and maintain shape